Beta2 Adrenergic Agonists Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by eem57

- stimulate beta2-­adr­energic receptors, increasing the production of cyclic 3′5′ adenosine monoph­osphate (cAMP).
-Increased cAMP relaxes airway smooth muscle and increases bronchial ciliary activity.

-have a quick onset (peak effect 10 minutes) and a short duration of action (3–4 hours).
-half-life can range from 2.7 hours to 6 hours.
-SABAs are indicated for the relief of acute respir­atory symptoms in asthma and COPD.

- include formot­erol, salmet­erol, and vilant­erol.
- half-life can range from 5.5 hours to 11 hours.
-Formo­terol has an onset of action of 3 minutes and a 12-hour duration of action.
-Salme­terol has an onset of action of about 2 hours and a 12-hour duration of action.
-Vilan­terol has an onset of action of about 15 minutes and a 24-hour duration of action.
-LABAs are indicated for chronic mainte­nance therapy in COPD but only with an ICS for asthma.

-are available but have limited clinical use due to the quick onset of action, ease of admini­str­ation, beta2-­adr­energic specif­icity, and minimal systemic exposure with the inhaled route of admini­str­ation.

-contr­ain­dicated in persons with a history of hypers­ens­itivity to beta-a­dre­nergic agonists or any component of the formul­ation.
-should be used with caution in patients with known cardio­vas­cular disease, diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, hypert­hyr­oidism, or seizure disorders.

- Serious events: parado­xical bronch­ospasm, anaphy­laxis, hypers­ens­itivity reaction, angioe­dema, hypert­ension, hypote­nsion, angina, cardiac arrest, arrhyt­hmia, hypoka­lemia, and hyperg­lyc­emia.
-Common adverse events: throat irrita­tion, upper respir­atory infection symptoms, cough, bad taste, tremor, dizziness, nervou­sness, nausea­/vo­miting, headache, palpit­ations, tachyc­ardia, chest pain, pain, and hyperl­act­atemia.

-Serious events: parado­xical bronch­ospasm, asthma exacer­bation, asthma­-re­lated death, laryng­ospasm, hypers­ens­itivity reaction, anaphy­laxis, hypert­ension, hypote­nsion, angina, cardiac arrest, arrhyt­hmia, hypoka­lemia, and hyperg­lyc­emia.
-Common adverse events: headache, throat irrita­tion, nasal conges­tion, rhinitis, trache­iti­s/b­ron­chitis, pharyn­gitis, urticaria, rash, palpit­ations, tachyc­ardia, tremor, and nervou­sness.

- sympat­hom­imetic drugs (e.g., catech­ola­mines, catech­olamine analogs, amphet­amines) increase the risk for beta2-­adr­energic agonist adverse effects and toxici­ties.
-Nonse­lective and higher doses of beta1-­sel­ective adrenergic blocking drugs diminish the bronch­odi­lator effects of the beta2-­adr­energic agonists.
-Concu­rrent admini­str­ation of beta-a­dre­nergic agonists and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or tricyclic antide­pre­ssants (TCAs) increases blood pressure and the risk of stroke.

-MAOIs and TCAs must be discon­tinued at least 14 days prior to initia­ting.
-Thiazide (e.g., hydroc­hlo­rot­hia­zide) and loop diuretics (e.g., furose­mide) enhance the hypoka­lemic effects.
-The oxazol­idi­nones (e.g., linezolid, tedizolid) enhance the hypert­ensive effects.
-Atomo­xetine, a selective norepi­nep­hrine reuptake inhibitor indicated for the management of attent­ion­-de­ficit hypera­ctivity disorder, may increase the tachyc­ardic effects.