Cheatography
https://cheatography.com
Common linux terminal commands and keyboard short-cuts
Terminal Programs
|
iterm2 Download, install and use iterm2 instead of the default MacOS terminal
|
|
double click + CMD-v double click text to copy and then CMD-v to paste
|
|
zsh install and use z shell instead of bash
|
|
oh my zsh install oh my zsh to easily configure zsh
|
|
~/.zshrc include common aliases and other shell configuration here
|
|
plugins=(git node npm kubectl) add these shell completion plugins to .zshrc
|
|
ZSH_THEME="robbyrussell"
|
|
alias abc=cmd run cmd when you type abc
|
Shell Shortcuts
CTRL-c |
Stop the current command |
CTRL-a |
Go to start of line |
CTRL-e |
Go to end of line |
CTRL-r |
Search command history |
CTRL-l |
Clear the screen |
!! |
Run last command |
!abc |
Run last command that starts with abc |
Shell Variables
env |
Show all environment variables |
echo $ABC |
Show a specific environment variables |
ABC=123 |
Create a local variable |
export ABC=123 |
Create a variable accessible by child processes |
$NODE_ENV |
Used node.js code; expects value to be production or anything else |
$HOME |
Home directory |
IO Redirection
|
cmd < file cmd receives contents of file as input (stdin)
|
|
cmd > file cmd output (stdout) is written to file
|
|
cmd > /dev/null discard cmd output
|
|
cmd >> file append cmd output to end of file
|
|
cmd 2> file cmd error output (stderr) is written to file
|
|
cmd 2>&1 send cmd error output (stderr) to the standard output (stdout)
|
|
cmd 2>&1 > file cmd output (stdout) and error output (stderr) is sent to file
|
|
cmd 2>&1 | grep abc search cmd output and error output for abc
|
|
cmd | cmd2 cmd2 receives output from cmd as input
|
Process Management
|
cmd1 ; cmd2 run cmd1 and then cmd2, regardless of cmd1 exit status
|
|
cmd1 && cmd2 run cmd1; run cmd2 if cmd1 is successful
|
|
cmd1 || cmd2 run cmd1; run cmd2 if cmd1 is not successful
|
|
cmd & run cmd in the background
|
|
CTRL-z cause currently running command to sleep
|
|
bg continue running sleeping command in background
|
|
fg move command running in the background, to run in the foreground
|
|
jobs list all currently running processes
|
|
fg 2 move the second command listed by jobs, to run in the foreground
|
|
|
Directory Commands
mkdir abc |
Create directory named abc |
mkdir -p abc |
Create directory if it does not exist |
mkdir -p abc/xyz/123 |
Create all directories and subdirectories if they do not exist |
pwd |
Show the current directory |
cd abc |
Change to directory abc |
cd .. |
Change to the parent directory |
cd ../xyz |
Change to the sibling directory xyz |
cd - |
Change back to previous directory |
ls |
List files in directory |
ls -la |
List files, including dot-files, with extra info |
ls -lhSr |
List files in reverse size order; w/friendly size |
File Operations
touch file |
update file last modified date; create file if not exists |
cat file |
output contents of file |
less file |
paged output contents of file |
cp file1 file2 |
copy file1 to file2 |
mv file1 file2 |
mv file1 to file2 |
rm file |
delete file |
head -5 file |
show the first 5 lines of file |
tail -5 file |
show the last 5 lines of file |
tail -f file |
show the last few lines of the file and follow output |
Command help
tldr |
|
man cmd |
get command documentation |
cmd -h OR cmd --help |
get help from the command |
Finding Files
|
find . list all files and directories under the current directory and subdirectories
|
|
find . -type f list all files under the current directory and subdirectories
|
|
find . -type f -iname 'abc' list all files that have abc (case insensitive) in the file name
|
|
find . -type f -maxdepth 3 list all files up to 3 directories in depth
|
|
find . -type f -mmin -5 list files that were modified in the last 5 minutes
|
|
find . -type f -iname "abc" -exec cmd {} \; run cmd on each file that contains abc; use {} in place of the filename; end the command with backslash+semi-colon
|
|
find . -type f -iname 'abc' -exec chown root {} \; make root the owner of all abc files
|
|
grep -Er 'this|that' src/ find files under the src/ dir that contain "this" or "that"
|
|
grep -Er -l 'test' src/ list files only that contain 'test'
|
|
grep -Er -h 'test' src/ list lines in files only that contain 'test'
|
Text Manipulation
|
cut -d, -f1 split input by comma and output the first field
|
|
cut -d' ' -f2-5 split input by space and return the fields 2, 3, 4, 5
|
|
cut -c1-10 return the first 10 characters of each line of input
|
|
sort sort each line of input alphabetically
|
|
sort -n sort each line of input numerically
|
|
sort -nr sort each line of input numerically, descending (reverse)
|
|
uniq return only one line for each duplicate adjacent line of input
|
|
uniq -c same as above, but includes a count of how many times the line appears
|
|
sed -E -e 's/this/that/' file replace the first instance of "this" with "that" on each line in file
|
|
sed -E -e 's/this/that/g' file replace all instances of "this" with "that" on each line in file
|
|
sed -i.bak -E -e 's/this/that/g' file same as above, but modifies file in place, and creates a backup
|
|
awk '{ print $2 }' print out the second field in each line
|
Simple Regular Expressions
. |
match any character once |
* |
match the preceding character 0 or more times |
+ |
match the preceding character 1 or more times |
? |
match the preceding character 0 or 1 time |
() |
group patterns |
| |
match the pattern on the left OR right |
^ |
match the start of the line |
$ |
match the end of the line |
|
|
|
Created By
Metadata
Comments
No comments yet. Add yours below!
Add a Comment
Related Cheat Sheets