Cheatography
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cheat sheet for basic linux commands and filesystem
Linux files ystem/ | root directory of the entire file system hirarchy | /bin/ | Essential user command binaries | /boot/ | static files of the boot loader | /dev/ | device files | /etc/ | host-specific system configuration | /home/ | user home directories | /lib/ | essential shared libraries and kernel modules | /media/ | mount point for removable media such as USB | /mnt/ | mount point for a temporarily mounted filesystems | /opt/ | optional commercial software | /sbin/ | system binaries | /usr/ | user utilities and applications | /usr/share/ | shared files over the system | /root/ | home directory for the root user |
these are not all the filesystem directories ,but they're the most important to know user accounts operationssudo <command> | do a command as a super user (root) | passwd | change the user password | whoami | show the current user | who | show user detaled data | su <username> | switch user | sudo adduser <username> | make new user | sudo adduser <username> <groupname>> | add existing user to a group | sudo adduser <username> sudo | add the user to the sudoers file (giving him the root privilage) | sudo deluser <username> | delete user account (doesn't remove his files in the home directory remove it yourself) |
otheruname -a | displays detaled system information | free | display memory size (total,used and free sizes) | free -h | display memory size in human readable format | lsblk | list block devices | badblocks <device> -v | searches for bad sectors in device | badblocks /dev/sda1 -v > file | searches for bad sectors in sda1 and put the output in file |
the > here is a part of the command | | Navigating directoriescd <directory> | change directory:go to the given directory | cd ~ | change directory to home | cd .. | go up one directory | cd - | go to the previous working directory | ls | list directory contents | ls -l | use long listing format | ls -lh | use human readable long listing format | find <file or directory> | searchs for file or directory in the working directory | locate <file or directory> | searchs for file or directory in the whole system | pwd | print working directory |
the '<' and '>' are not used in the command they're just for making things here obvious terminal tipsusing up and down arrows | navigating throw your command history | ctrl+R | searching for previously typed command in your history | clear | clears terminal | history | view command history | <command> | less | for long output commands: view only one page and give you the ability to navigate through output lines using arrow keys exit using Q | <command> | more | for long output commands: view only one page and give you the ability to navigate through output pages using Enter exit using Q | <command> && <command> | perform two commands one after the other | man <comman or program> | show manual of that program or tool |
| | operations on files and directoriescp <file> <target dir> | copy file to a target directory | mv <file> <target dir> | move file to a target directory,and can be used to rename files | rm <file> | remove file | rm -r <dir> | remove directory recursively | rm -i | prompt for every removal | rm -v | explain what's being done | nano <file> | a terminal based text editor | chmod <mode> <file> | changes mode (permissions) of the file | chmod -R <mode> <dir> | change mode of directory and its contents recursively | chown <owner> file | change owner of the file | chown <owner> : <group> file | change owner and group of file | mkdir <dir name> | makes new directory | zip <archive name> <files to be archived>> | make a .zip archive including the selected files | unzip <archive> | extract the archive in the working directory |
apt package managerapt search <package name> | search for package in the database | apt show <package name> | show detaled information about the package | sudo apt install <package name> | install package, if it's already installed it will search for updates for it,if it's already the last version it tell you that | sudo apt remove <package name> | remove installed package | apt list --installed | list installed packages | sudo apt autoremove | remove the packages that has no use | sudo apt update | update packages database | sudo apt upgrade | upgrade installed software |
apt is just a front-end for apt-get so it won't be different if you use any of them but for some user interface inhancing |
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