WORKPLACE AND EMPLOYMENT Stats
Davidson uses the term 'concrete ceiling to show how discrimination prevents ethnic minorities from being promoted. He says white women can break through the class ceiling but ethnic minority women cannot, which means the workplace they face the concrete ceiling |
Heath and Yu found that first generation Black and Indian immigrants face discrimination in the workplace, terms of access to higher managerial jobs |
Joseph Roundtree Foundation has found that there is evidence that ethnic minority graduates find it hard to gain higher level positions in the workplace |
The ONS finds that Arab women are the least employed social group, with 64% Unemployment rate |
Dodd finds that there's discrimination against Pakistani and Bangladeshi women in the workplace and employment, for example women removing their hijabs in order to get jobs |
Wood found that there is discrimination in favour of white names compared to ethnic names, when it comes to employment |
Battu and Sloane found that ethnic minorities are more likely to be overeducated than the white majority in the UK, but still have a hard time when it comes to finding employment. |
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CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM Stats
Nightingale argues that black males consume to mainstream US culture and wide-stream values. However, they are racially and economically excluded from society, so they turned to illegitimate means, such as violence and crime to achieve these goals. |
Black minorities suffer from the Paradox of inclusion, which is the desire to be the included in the fight for success, designer lifestyle and the 'American dream'. This means they are more likely to turn to crime |
The Social Justice Centre report on gangs found that ethnic groups are overrepresented in the media, and the popular misconception that gangs in the UK are associated with African Caribbean backgrounds is false. |
Interactionists argue that black males are negatively stigmatised in the media, and are given a master status by the police. This means they're more likely to have a self-fulfilling prophecy, which reflects on them performing deviant behaviour. |
Hall argues that the emergence of the term 'mugging' was used as a moral panic to stigmatise black males cause division between the black and white working class. |
Black minorities are 15 times more likely to be stop and searched, compared to older people |
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POVERTY Stats
The 2011 Consensus found that 33% of Bangladeshis and Pakistanis live in deprived areas |
The Joseph foundation found that living in deprived areas reduces the chances of being employed, but the effect is larger for ethnic minorities |
Alock argues that ethnic minorities experience deprivation which leads to social exclusion |
MEDIA Stats
Channel 4 surveys found that white viewers feel that broadcasters are doing a fine job in representing ethnic groups, but all other ethnic groups argue they're doing a poor job. This is because there are accusations of stereotypical representations and not reflecting on modern culture |
Malik finds TV shows such as the apprentice and the x factor reflect on diversity and argues it's one of the most racially diverse channels, showing representation |
In the media. Ethnic minorities are under represented or have negative stereotypes in the media. Some groups are more represented more than others but research finds minorities are marginalized and stereotyped. |
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