Cheatography
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The Respiration System and VentillationThe process of breathing out | Disease caused by smoking | 1. Intercostal muscles and diaphragm realx. | 1. It can cause cancer | 2. Throrax volume decreases | 2. It can cause lung diseases by damiging your airways and the alvioli found in the lungs | 3. Air is forced out | 3. It affects the heart and blod vessesl |
Aerobic Respiration in plants6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
Internal Structure of a Leaf
Adaptation of leaves1. Leaves are broad so there's large surface area exposed to light | 2. Most of the chloroplasts are found in the palisade layer so it can get the most light | 3. The upper epidemis is transparent so that light can pass through it to the palisade layer | 4. Leaves have a network of vascular bundles which deliver water and it helps support the leaf structure | 5. The waxy cuticle helps to reduce water loss by evaporation |
Rate of PhotosynthesisLight | Carbon Dioxide | Temperature | Chlorophyll uses light energy to perform photosynthesis | CO2 is one of the raw materials needed for photosynthesis | Temperature affects the rate of photosynthesis because it affects the enzymes involved |
Experiment to measure the rate of p/s
PathogensPathogens are microorganisms that cause disease e.g certain types of bacteria and viruses |
Plants, Animals and BacteriaPlants | Animals | Bacteria | Multicellular | Multicellular | Single-celled and microscopic | Have chloroplasts which means they can photosynthesise | No chloroplast | Some can photosynthesise | They have cell walls made out of cellulose | No cell walls | No nucleus | Store carbohydrates as sucrose or starch | Store carbohydrates as glycogen | They feed off other organisms - both living and dead | | | Most have nervous coordination and can move around. | They have circular chromosomes of DNA |
| | OsmosisOsmosis is the net mocement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water consentration to a region of lower water concentration |
Active TransportActive Transport is the net movement of particles against a concentration gradient using energy released during respiration. Oxygen is essential because of respiration |
Test for Glucose and StarchBenedict's test for Glucose | Iodine test for Starch | - Add Benedict's reagent (blue) to a sample and heat it. Make sure the solution doesn't boil. | - Just add iodine solution to the test sample | ■ If Glucose is present it will form a coloured precipitate | ■ If starch is present the sampe changes from browny-yellow to blue-black colour | ■ Blue -> Green -> Yellow -> Orange -> Brick Red | ■ If there is no starch it stays browny-yellow |
Mineral IonsNitrates | Potassium | Contain nitrogen for making amino acids and proteins. These are needed for cell growth. | To help the enzymes needed for photosynthesis and respiration. |
VariablesIndependent | Dependent | The variable you CHANGE | The variable you MEASURE |
FactorsBiotic | Abiotic | Living | Non-Living |
CORMMSSChange | Organism | Repeat | Measure x 2 | Same x 2 |
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