Golang Cheat Sheet by [deleted]

package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
    fmt.Println("Hello Go")
}

Arithmetic
+ 	addition
- 	subtraction
* 	multiplication
/ 	quotient
% 	remainder
& 	bitwise and
| 	bitwise or
^ 	bitwise xor
&^ 	bit clear (and not)
<< 	left shift
>> 	right shift
Comparison
== equal
!= not equal
< less than
<= less than or equal
> greater than
>= greater than or equal
Logical
&& 	logical and
|| 	logical or
! 	logical not
Other
& 	address of / create pointer
* 	dereference pointer
<- 	send / receive operator

// a simple function
func functionName() {}
// function with parameters 
func functionName(param1 string, param2 int) {}
// multiple parameters of the same type
func functionName(param1, param2 int) {}
// return type declaration
func functionName() int {
    return 42
}
// return multiple 
func returnMulti() (int, string) {
    return 42, "foobar"
}
var x, str = returnMulti()
// Return multiple named results simply by return
func returnMulti2() (n int, s string) {
    n = 42
    s = "foobar"
    // n and s will be returned
    return
}
var x, str = returnMulti2()
Functions As Values And Closures
func main() {
    // assign a function to a name
    add := func(a, b int) int {
        return a + b
    }
    // use the name to call the function
    fmt.Println(add(3, 4))
}
// Closures, lexically scoped: Functions can access values that were
// in scope when defining the function
func scope() func() int{
    outer_var := 2
    foo := func() int { return outer_var}
    return foo
}
func another_scope() func() int{
    // won't compile because outer_var and foo not defined in this scope
    outer_var = 444
    return foo
}
// Closures: don't mutate outer vars, instead redefine them!
func outer() (func() int, int) {
    outer_var := 2
    inner := func() int {
        outer_var += 99 // attempt to mutate outer_var from outer scope
        return outer_var // => 101 (but outer_var is a newly redefined
                         //         variable visible only inside inner)
    }
    return inner, outer_var // => 101, 2 (outer_var is still 2, not mutated by foo!)
}
Variadic Functions
func main() {
    fmt.Println(adder(1, 2, 3))     // 6
    fmt.Println(adder(9, 9))    // 18

    nums := []int{10, 20, 30}
    fmt.Println(adder(nums...)) // 60
}

// By using ... before the type name of the last parameter you can indicate that it takes zero or more of those parameters.
// The function is invoked like any other function except we can pass as many arguments as we want.
func adder(args ...int) int {
    total := 0
    for _, v := range args { // Iterates over the arguments whatever the number.
        total += v
    }
    return total
}

var foo int // declaration without initial.
var foo int = 42 // declaration with initial
var foo, bar int = 42, 1302 // declare and init 
var foo = 42 // type omitted, will be inferred
foo := 42 // shorthand
const constant = "This is a constant"

var i int = 42
var f float64 = float64(i)
var u uint = uint(f)

// alternative syntax
i := 42
f := float64(i)
u := uint(f)

Arrays
var a [10]int 
// declare an int array with length 10. Array length is part of the type!
a[3] = 42     // set elements
i := a[3]     // read elements
// declare and initialize
var a = [2]int{1, 2}
a := [2]int{1, 2} //shorthand
a := [...]int{1, 2} // elipsis -> Compiler figures out array length

Slices
var a []int                              // declare a slice - similar to an array, but length is unspecified
var a = []int {1, 2, 3, 4}               // declare and initialize a slice (backed by the array given implicitly)
a := []int{1, 2, 3, 4}                   // shorthand
chars := []string{0:"a", 2:"c", 1: "b"}  // ["a", "b", "c"]
var b = a[lo:hi]    // creates a slice (view of the array) from index lo to hi-1
var b = a[1:4]      // slice from index 1 to 3
var b = a[:3]       // missing low index implies 0
var b = a[3:]       // missing high index implies len(a)
// create a slice with make
a = make([]byte, 5, 5)  // first arg length, second capacity
a = make([]byte, 5) // capacity is optional
// create a slice from an array
x := [3]string{"Лайка", "Белка", "Стрелка"}
s := x[:] // a slice referencing the storage of x

bool
string
int  int8  int16  int32  int64
uint uint8 uint16 uint32 uint64 uintptr
byte // alias for uint8
rune // alias for int32 ~= a character (Unicode code point) - very Viking
float32 float64
complex64 complex128

If
func main() {
    // Basic one
    if x > 0 {
        return x
    } else {
        return -x
    }
    // You can put one statement before the condition
    if a := b + c; a < 42 {
        return a
    } else {
        return a - 42
    }
    // Type assertion inside if
    var val interface{}
    val = "foo"
    if str, ok := val.(string); ok {
        fmt.Println(str)
    }
}
Loops
// There only for, no while, no until
    for i := 1; i < 10; i++ {
    }
    for ; i < 10;  { // while - loop
    }
    for i < 10  { // omit semicolons 
    }
    for { //omit the condition ~ while (true)
    }
Switch
    switch operatingSystem {
    case "darwin":
        fmt.Println("Mac OS Hipster")
        // cases break automatically
    case "linux":
        fmt.Println("Linux Geek")
    default:
        // Windows, BSD, ...
        fmt.Println("Other")
    }

    // as with for and if, you can have an assignment statement before the switch value 
    switch os := runtime.GOOS; os {
    case "darwin": ...
    }