Social Psychology Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by crina.mc

Social Learning Theory -> Importance of modelling behaviour through exposure -> can be linked to aggres­sion. (Pratt et al., 2010)

Crime is learned through social intera­ction -> Young children are motivated and shaped by material rewards from the behaviour that they model -> Older children are motivated by social approval, willing to accepted regardless if behaviour is deemed to be harmful. -> Adoles­cents tend to be motivated as the task is found to be rewarding.

Darley & Batson (1973) -> the Good Samaritan study -> indivi­duals in a hurry are less likely to help

Pivlin et al., 1969 -> subway samaritan -> how often people helped those who appeared to be ill or drunk -> ill individual received more help than drunk -> the more people around -> the less people help

Bystander effect -> bystanders are friends -> more likely to help than strangers

Different costs of helping -> resources, physically demanding

Children imitate the behaviours -> acts that are unpunished and reinforced by reward of avoidance are more likely to be repeated -> acts that illicit a punishment are less likely to be repeated

Criminal behaviour is likely when an individual is lives and grows up in a similar enviro­nment. meta-a­nalysis shows that social learning theories have a solid empirical founda­tion. -> correc­tional rehabi­lit­ation interv­ention

Child observes domestic violence -> grow up to exhibit similar behaviours

Altruism doesn't exist -> we help to feel good

Cialdini et al., 1987 -> we experience sadness -> we motivate ourselves into lessening them by helping others.

Helping others purely due to egoistic reasoning

Attrib­utions -> inferences about what causes of events and behaviours

Heider 1958 -> ''common sense theory'' -> we use our own explan­ations for peoples action­s-> we come up with ''common sense'' explan­ations for different causes

Actor-­obs­erver bias -> explaining own behaviour as we blame outside forces for our actions instead of elements which led to the behaviour

Normative explan­ation -> society expects us to help -> same help would be expected in the future

Pure altruism -> helper empathises with helper
Not helping for empathetic reasons -> egoistic reasons

Batson 1991 -> empathetic concern produced altruistic motivation -> previously believed that people help to avoid feelings of guilt -> now it is as it is expected of us by society
Empathy altruism -> empathetic concern -> feeling for the other and not feeling as the other does

Empath­y-p­uni­shment hypothesis -> empathy as motivation to help and does not justify for helping