Cheatography
https://cheatography.com
A helpful guide for students to learn and practice Reported Speech
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Verb & Word Changes
Simple Present |
→ |
Simple Past |
"I am exhausted." |
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"He said he was exhausted" |
Present Continuous |
→ |
Past Continuous |
"I am learning how to play violin." |
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"She said she was learning how to play violin." |
Past Simple |
→ |
Past Perfect |
"I hung out with my friends." |
|
"He said he had hung out with his friends." |
Present Perfect |
→ |
Past Perfect |
"I haven't eaten lunch yet." |
|
"She said she hadn't eaten lunch yet." |
Past Perfect |
→ |
Past Perfect |
"I had already seen that movie." |
|
"He said he had already seen that movie." |
Will |
→ |
Would |
"I will help you with your studies." |
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"She said she would help me with my studies." |
Can |
→ |
Could |
"I can speak 3 languages." |
|
"He said he could speak 3 languages." |
Must |
→ |
Had to |
"Everyone must be in class at 7pm." |
|
"She said that everyone had to be in class at 7pm." |
May |
→ |
Might |
"I may be a bit late." |
|
"He said he might be a bit late." |
Should |
→ |
No Change |
"You should download this new game!" |
|
"She said I should download that new game." |
Would |
→ |
No Change |
"I would like a salad with my meal." |
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"He said he would like a salad with his meal." |
Ought to |
→ |
No Change |
"You ought to study more." |
|
"She said that I ought to study more." |
Could |
→ |
No Change |
"We could see a movie." |
|
"He said we could see a movie." |
Might |
→ |
No Change |
"I might stay home." |
|
"She said she might stay home." |
The verb "tell" focuses more on the specific person who is receiving the information.
The verb "said" is more general and doesn't need a specific person receiving the information.
Reported Commands
"Don't run in the house." |
→ |
"She told me not to run in the house." |
"Stop talking." |
→ |
"He told us to stop talking." |
For commands, we add the object (the person receiving the command) and the infinitive "to" after "tell".
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Reported Questions
Question Words |
"Why are you so sad?" |
→ |
"She asked me why I was so sad." |
"When is your birthday?" |
→ |
"He asked me when my birthday was." |
Yes / No Questions |
"Is this lesson super difficult for you?" |
→ |
"She asked me if/whether the lesson was super difficult for me?" |
"Do you like English?" |
→ |
"He asked me if/whether I liked English." |
Questions in Reported Speech change to affirmative, we don't reapeat the question in the same structure.
"Yes/No" questions use "if/whether" when we change them to Reported Speech.
Pronoun Changes
I |
→ |
He / She |
You |
→ |
I / He / She / We / They |
He / She |
→ |
He / She |
It |
→ |
It |
They |
→ |
They |
We |
→ |
They |
Us |
→ |
Them |
Me |
→ |
Him / Her |
My |
→ |
His / Her |
Our / Ours |
→ |
Their / Theirs |
Your |
|
His / Her / Their |
Time Expression Changes
Today |
→ |
That day |
Tonight |
→ |
That night |
Tomorrow |
→ |
The following day / The next day |
Yesterday |
→ |
The day before / The previous day |
Last night |
→ |
The previous night / The night before |
Last week |
→ |
The previous week / The week before |
Next week |
→ |
The following week / The next week |
Now |
→ |
Then |
Ago |
→ |
Before |
Position Expression Changes
This |
→ |
That |
These |
→ |
Those |
Here |
→ |
There |
Bring |
→ |
Take |
Come |
→ |
Go |
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