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WJEC Physics Triple, unit 1.1, electric circuits
Symbols, Current and Voltage, Resistance, Series and Parallel, Equations, I-V Graphs, Graphs
Symbols To Know
Switch |
Thermistor |
Fuse |
Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) |
Lamp |
Variable Resistor/Reostat |
Light Emitting Diode (LED) |
Diode |
Resistor |
Voltmeter |
Battery |
Ammeter |
A.C Power Supply |
D.C Power supply |
Battery Pack |
Speaker |
Series and Parallel Circuits
Series |
Parallel |
Current flowing in each component is the same |
Current is shared at each junction |
Useful when you need a warning when something breaks |
Useful when you want other components to work when another is broken. |
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All components receive the same voltage |
I-V Graphs
The graphs can also be reversed (V-I Graphs)
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Current And Voltage
Voltage |
Current |
PUSH behind current |
Rate of flow of electrons |
Measured in Volts (V) |
Measured in Amps (A) |
Measured by voltmeter, which is placed in parallel to circuit |
Measured by ammeter, which is placed in series to circuit |
The more batteries, the more voltage |
The more resistance, the less current |
NOTE: Only ENERGY is used up
Resistor
Resistors are the opposition to flow of current. |
Resistors continued
It is measured in Ohms' and is calculated by Ohm's Law |
NOTE: A filament lamp is also a resistor
Equations
Voltage = Current x Resistance |
V=IR |
Power = Current x Voltage |
P=IV |
Power = Current2 x Resistance |
P=I2R |
Total Resistance in Series |
R1 + R2 + R3 ... |
Total Resistance in Parallel |
1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 ... |
Thermistors and LDR Graph
Other things
Thin wire - Less current |
Thick wire - More current |
Long Wire - Less current |
Short Wore - More current |
Mains voltage is usually 230V |
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