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Poxvirus Structure, Genome and Replication Cheat Sheet by

Structure, Genome organisation and Replication

Structure

Structure

Spherical Shaped
Enveloped virus
One lipid membrane
Outer layer
Corrugated due to protru­sions
Internal Core
Dumbbell shaped
Lateral bodies
Two present in the concav­ities between outer layer and Core
Outer core wall
Palisade structure with T shaped spike proteins
Inner Core wall
Smooth

Proteins for Attachment and Entry

Attachment
A17, A25, A26, A27, D8, H3
Entry Entry Fusion Complex
A16, A21, A28, F9, G3, G9, H2, I2, J5, L1, L5, O3

proteins with enzymatic activities

Redox active proteins
E10, A2.5, and G4
Phosph­ory­lation
Kinase- F10 & B1
Dephos­pho­ryl­ation
Phosph­otase - H1
Proteo­lytic processing
proteinase - I7
 

Genome

Genome Organi­sation

Terminal Regions
Has ITRs with secondary hairpin loop structures that connect two DNA strands and contains the variable genes that are respon­sible for host cell intera­ctions
Central Regions
Conserved genes respon­sible for replic­ation and morpho‐ genesis

Replic­ation Cycle

Replic­ation steps

Attachment
Entry
Early gene transc­ription
Replic­ation
Interm­ediate gene transc­ription
late gene transc­ription
Assembly
Release
 

Proteins For Replic­ation

Early Gene Proteins
Inducing prolif­eration of neighb‐ ouring cells
 
Counte­racting host immune defences
 
Some proteins can induce a second uncoating reaction thereby releasing the viral genome from the core
 
Mediating replic­ation of the genome
 
Protiens In Replic­ation
Viral DNA polymerase
 
Helica­se-­primase
 
Uracil DNA glycos­ylase
 
Single­-st­randed DNA-bi­nding protein
 
DNA ligase
 
Holliday junction resolvase
 
Proteins In Transc­ription
RNA polymerase
 
ETF
 
Capping enzyme
 
VITF-3
 
VLTF-1, VLTF-2, VLTF-3, VLTF4
 
Release factor Elongation factor
 
Poly(A) polymerase
 
DNA topois­omerase

Repliation strategy

Pathog­enesis

Entry through skin
Entry through respir­atory tract
Replic­ation in Malpighian layer of epidermis, fibrob­lasts and histocytes
Replic­ation in alveolar macrop­hages and small bronch­ioles
Entry into lymphatic system
Entry into systemic circul­ation
The virus moves from the regional lymphatics to the bloods­tream to cause primary viremia.
And then multiplies in the spleen, liver, bone marrow, and other reticu­loe­ndo­thelial organs.
After this, a second viremic period ensues, followed by seeding of distant sites, specially the skin, and generation of the charac­ter­istic genera­lized rash.
An eruption begins, with lesions forming macules, papules, vesicles, pustules, and crusts to scar formation from days 6 to 23 of the infection.
 

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