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General Drug info regarding Insulin
Action
Promotes cellular uptake of glucose |
Converts glucose into glycogen |
Stops release of fats |
Stops release of fats |
Stops gluconeogenesis |
Starts producing glycogen & fat |
Converts amino acids into proteins |
Converts fatty acids into triglycerides |
Moves Potassium into cells |
Indication
Type 1, 2, or gestational diabetes |
(DOC in pregnancy due to limited adverse effects and inability to cross placenta) |
Cautions
Elderly |
Renal patients b/c insulin can accumulate |
Contraindications
hold medication if blood glucose <50 |
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Routes of Administration
Timing: |
varies depending on type of insulin |
SubQ |
all types |
IV/IM |
only regular insulin (short acting) |
Insulin pump |
only rapid acting |
Inhaled |
only rapid acting |
Administration Timing Guide
Types |
Onset |
Peak |
Duration |
Rapid |
10-20 min |
0.5-2 hr. |
3-5 hr |
Short |
30-60 min |
2.5 hr |
6-12 hr |
Intermediate |
1-1.5 hr |
4-14 hr |
24 hr |
Long-Acting |
60-70 min |
None |
24 hr |
Patient Education
Educated about sick day rules |
Educated about long-term complications of diabetes |
Rotate administration sites to prevent lipodystrophy |
Life-long treatment (T1D) |
Wear a medical alert bracelet |
Store unopened insulin in fridge |
Discard insulin after 30 days of use |
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Drug Interactions
Beta Blockers |
mask signs of hypoglycemia |
Steroids |
decrease effectiveness of insulin |
Alcohol |
Can cause increased or decreased blood glucose levels |
MAOIs |
Thiazide |
Adverse Effects
Hypoglycemia |
Lipodystrophy |
Hypokalemia |
DKA |
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