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Biofilm:> 3D-structured communities attached to a solid surface | > Embedded in an exopolysaccharide matrix | > Biofilm formation is not random - follows specific pattern of succession | > Availability of bacterial species | > Coaggregation pairings | > Cell-cell interactions |
Types of Bacterial Interactions:Neutralism: No effect on each other | Competition: 2 populations compete for the same nutrients | Commensalism: 1 benefits from the other with benefactor remaining unaffected | Mutualism: Both populations benefits | Symbiosis: Obligatory interactions | Protocooperations: Facultative interactions | Syntrophy: Cross-feeding | Synergism: Enhanced production of a certain products | Ammensalism: 1 population has an indirect negative impact on another | Predation: 1 organism consumed by another | Parasitism: 1 organism invaded intracellularly by another |
Interactions:Coaggregating Pairs of Organisms:
| | Biofilm Formation and Content:
Biofilm Formation and Roles of Interactions:
Increase in Mass of Biofilm:
Communication in Biofilm:> Genetic expression is different in biofilm bacteria when compared to planktonic (free floating )bacteria | > Biofilm cells can coordinate behavior via intercellular "communication" using biochemical signalling molecules |
| | Quorum sensing:- Involves regulation of expression of specific genes through accumulation of signaling compound that mediate intercellular communication | - Dependent on cell density and mediated through signalling compounds | - Quorum sensing gives biofilms their distinct properties |
Involved in the regulation of:
> Genetic competence
> Mating
> Bacteriocin production
> Sporulation
> Stress response
> Virulence expression
> Biofilm formation
> Bioluminescence
Bottle-Brush Formation: Heterotypic:
- Streptococci with Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Actinomyces, Campylobacter
Homotypic:
- Eubacterium yurii, Tannerella |
Bottle-Brush in subgingival biofilm: Eubacterium Yurii
Micrograph Max Listgarten
Metabolic Relationships:Metabolic Relationships among oral bacteria within dental biofilm communities,
Why Study Biofilms:Know adversaries in order to defeat them. | Development of treatment strategies | Interfere with cell-cell communications (intrageneric and intergeneric) |
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