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This contains the content for Unit 1 for the 2021 AP Bio Exam. It includes the following: The structure and chemical properties of water, the makeup and properties of macromolecules, the structure of DNA and RNA.
WaterPolar (H2O) | Solvent | Cohesive Properties: Surface Tension & Adhesion | Thermal Properties: High Specific Heat |
Water VocabSurface Tension: Measure of how hard it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface tension b/c of the H bonding of surface molecules. | Adhesion: Substances stick to each other. Water sticks to plant cells walls from H bonding. | High Specific Heat: Before temp increase, water must absorb a lot of heat. | Hydrophilic: Water-loving | Hydrophobic: Water-fearing |
Water pHH+ = OH- (neutral ph) | H+ > OH- (acidic) | H+ < OH- (basic) |
pH Scale0-6 = Acidic | 7 = Neutral | 8-14 = Basic |
Functional GroupsHydroxyl | OH | Polar | Methyl | CH3 | Nonpolar | Carbonyl | C=O | Polar | Carboxyl | COOH | Acidic | Amino | NH2 | Basic | Sulfhydryl | SH | Polar | Phosphate | PO4 | Acidic |
| | Elements of LifeCarbon. | Oxygen. | Hydrogen. | Nitrogen. | Phosphorus. | Sulfur. | Sodium. | Calcium. | Iron. |
MacromoleculesMacromolecules | Monomers | Carbs | Monosaccharides | Proteins | Amino acids | Lipids | Fatty acids | Nucleic Acids | Nucleotides |
Nucleotide PartsPhosphate Group | 5-C Sugar | Nitrogenous Base |
DNA vs. RNADNA | RNA | A - T | A - U | G - C | G - C | Double-stranded | Single-stranded | Deoxyribose sugar | Ribose sugar |
PyrimidinesCytosine | Uracil | Thymine | *Think: CUT PIE |
PurinesAdenine | Guanine | *Think: GREEN APPLES are PURE! |
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