Cheatography
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Overview of Hypertension; Risk factors, Classification, Treatment & Management.
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Defining Hypertension
Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of the body’s arteries, the major blood vessels in the body. |
B.P is written as two numbers: (i)Systolic- the pressure in blood vessels when the heart contracts or beats.(ii) Diastolic-the pressure in the vessels when the heart rests between beats. |
Hypertension is when blood pressure is too high |
Risk Factors
MODIFIABLE |
NON MODIFIABLE |
Unhealthy Diet (high fat, high sodium, low potassium) |
Age > 65 |
Physical Inactivity |
Race (african heritage) |
Overweight or Obesity |
Family History |
Excessive Alcohol consumption |
Co existing chronic conditions (sleep apnea, renal disease, diabetes) |
Smoking Tobacco |
Stress |
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Aetiological Classification
Primary / Essential Hypertension - Accounts 95% patients, no specific cause identified |
Secondary Hypertension - In few cases, due to identifiable cause |
Secondary Hypertension
Several kidney diseases: Diabetic Nephropathy (renal parenchymal disease) Polycystic Kidney Disease Glomerular Disease Renovascular Hypertension |
Medical conditions (Endocrine): Cushing’s Syndrome Hyperaldosteronism(Conn’s Syndrome) Pheochromocytoma Thyroid Disorders Hyperparathyroidism |
Medications and supplements:* Birth control pills, cold remedies, decongestants, ephedrine, anabolic steroids, corticosteroids over-the-counter pain relievers and some prescription drugs Illegal drugs- cocaine and amphetamines |
Other possible causes include: Coarctation of the Aorta Sleep Apnea Obesity Pregnancy |
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