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This is a chest sheet I made for revision for my GCSEphysics paper 2. My exam board is OCR Gateway :)
P6.1 - Radioactive Emissions, Atoms and isotopes
The nuclei of atoms of atoms contain protons and neutrons. (The table shows the masses and charges of each subatomic particle.) An element is defined by how many rooms it contains. If there are more or less electrons than protons, then it is an ion. If there more or less neutrons than the relative atomic mass number indicates, then it is an isotope of that element. Isotopes have different nucleus mass because neutrons have a relative atomic mass of 1. |
Key words glossary
subatomic particle - protons, neutrons and electrons. Together, they make up atoms.
ion - charged particles.
isotope - atom with a different number of neutrons but the same amount of protons. For example, carbon-12 has 12 subatomic particles in the nucleus.
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Fig. 1
Subatomic particle |
Relative Mass |
Relative Charge |
protons |
1.0 |
+1 |
neutrons |
1.0 |
0 |
electron |
0.0005 (or 0) |
-1 |
Fig. 2
Radiation |
Type |
Symbol |
What is it? |
Equation Symbol |
alpha |
particle |
α |
Helium atom nucleus |
beta |
particle |
β |
Fast-moving electron |
gamma |
EM wave |
γ |
EM wave type |
none |
neutron |
particle |
n |
Particle from the nucleus |
|
|
Calculating number of subatomic particles
Protons |
Electrons |
Neutrons |
Atomic number |
Relative atomic number |
Relative atomic mass - Atomic number |
|
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P6.1.1 - Radioactive Emissions, Alpha, Beta, Gamma
Some atoms have unstable nuclei. This causes them to emit radiation. They are then radioactive. (See Fig.2) |
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