Student Learning Outcome
>Identify the difference between moral and non-moral standards.
>Describe actions that can be morally and cannot be morally judged.
>Classify whether actions are moral or non-moral standards
Difference between Moral and Non-Moral Standard
Moral Standard (Characteristics)
1. Actions can seriously injure or benefit human beings. |
Examples: Charitable acts versus rape, murder, violence, stealing. |
2. The validity of a moral standard rests on the adequacy of reasons to support it, not on the decision of the majority or authority. |
It involves moral courage and moral law based on conscience, reason, and law. |
3.Moral standards are preferred over other values, including self-interest |
Example: Honesty is preferred over cheating, even if cheating helps you pass a test.
▪️ do not only consider your own intentions but also the consequences/others |
4. Moral standards are based on impartial considerations. |
An individual's interests are equally important. |
5. Individual responsibility is not isolated from social responsibility |
They promote human welfare and a good future for humans, animals, and the environment |
Bottomline: consider others. Have a bigger consideration beyond others.
- Moral standards involve conscience and rational basis.
Non-Moral
Definition |
Unconnected with morals and having no relation to ethics or moral considerations. |
Examples: Manners, etiquette, laws, and rules of behavior set by parents, teachers, or other authorities |
Meaning: |
These actions do not require moral judgment (immoral, moral, bad, or good).
Examples: Law and standards of grammar, language, arts, and sports.
Example 1: One is instructed not to eat when their mouth is full.
Example 2: Do not text during class discussion
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What is Moral Dllemma?
Definition (what happens) |
situation where you are presented with two or more actions that have moral reasons for choosing each, but you cannot perform all of them.
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2 actions/ decision with moral reasons |
A situation where a difficult decision has to be made between two choices, either of which involves violating a moral principle |
Consequence? |
The choices can lead to end results that are both positive or negative, or two negative results . |
What if the choice has a negative end? |
The negative end of a choice would result in a problem or a bothered feeling. |
3 Levels of Moral Dilemmas
1. Individual Dilemma |
Concerns an individual who is confronted with two options.
decision-maker has a moral duty to do one thing but is tempted or pressured to do something else. |
Example: personal conflicts of moral standards : honest vs loyalty. |
2. Organizational Dilemam |
Ethical dilemmas in the workplace. Even with great policies and procedures, there is a high risk of unethical behavior. |
3. Systematic Dilemma |
▪️It refers to vague system in the society or organization
▪️the members or employees are misled and the tendency they cannot function as what they are supposed to do (cannot function as they are supposed to.) |
Keywords: Unequal, inequality unfairness', bias,
Ex: Unfair healthcare system, criminal system Unclear recycling laws messes with a manager's choices (follow shitty rules or go against it)
Ex: Unclear recycling law (no dumping waste illegally) is vague and makes people just ignore the law and go against it instead |
1. Individual Dilemma : individual (decision maker), 2 options
2. Organizational Dilemma : workplace, policies and procedure
3. Systematic Dilemma: vage society system
How to Manage/Resolve Moral Dilemmas
Know Your Values: |
Understand the values that society agrees upon, like honesty |
Select a Model: |
Choose an ethical theory to apply. The file notes two classifications |
Consequential Theories (Teleological theories)
Non-Consequential Theories (Deontological theories) |
Consequential Theories (Teleological theories)
Non-Consequential Theories (Deontological theories)
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