Bash Commands

Bash

File system Root	/ - top of file hierarchy
Path	either absolute or relative
pwd	present working directory
cd	change directory
~	indicates home directory
..	moving up to folder above current
.	current folder

ls	lists all
ls -F	lists only folders
ls -l	show details
ls -a	show hidden files
ls -al	show hidden files + details
mkdir	creates folders
rmdir	removes folders
cp	copy
mv	move; can also be used to rename a file
rm	remove command
-i	adds interactivity; warning if will delete an existing file

UNIX file systems are CASE SENSITIVE
Folders are directories
Copying and Moving Files
General syntax - <command> <source> <target>
Examples - cp hello.txt hello_world.txt
Notes on cp & mv
'cp' is only top level files, does not get what is in folders only folders on top
'mv' is always recursive
'cp -r' - copies a directory including all its content
Invasive Commands
'cp', 'mv', and 'rm' - no recovery possible

vim - file editor

vim "filename"	starts up in command mode
i	insert mode - start typing
:w	write
:q	quit vim type
:wp	save and quit
:q!	quit w/o saving
/word	search towards end of file for first occurance of word
?word	search towards beginning of the file for the word
n	search for next occurance
N	search for previous occurance
less	view file contents one screen at a time
head	top of file to see if it is the one you need
tail	bottom of file to see new log entries
-n	default output of ten line
-n#	changes number of lines outputed
-n & -n#	to be used with head or tail
find	search for files
find [where to start searching from][expression to fine][-options][what to find]	takes 2 arguements; where to search & what to find; wildcards can be used
find /home -user alice -empty	finds files in the home folder from alice which are empty
*File Permissions
ls -al	10 charactesr; (1)file type + (9)file permissions
rwx	read, write, execute
owner, group, world	order which permissions are displayed
r	4 - indicates read permission
w	2 - indicates write permission
x	1 - indicates execute permission
r-x	5
755	rwer-er-e
chmod
chmod	updates permissions on files and folders
su	grants super user privileges
ls -laF	lists all folders + access
chmod 775 engineering	changes permissions for the engineering folders
chown	change ownership
chgrp	change group
chown dave README	changes owner of README to dave
chgrp sales_grp README	changes the group that can access README to sales_grp
YUM
YUM	yellowdog updater modifier - package modifier

su changes $ -> #

Wildcards & Examples

Wildcards
?	matches a single character
*	matches any zero or more characters
[x..y]	matches a range of letters or numbers
Examples
ls	lists all files + extensions
ls *.doc	lists only files with .doc extensions
re - r <target>	removes folders with content; be very careful

Bash Commands by uhndreams

Bash

vim - file editor

Wildcards & Examples

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