Sections of man pages
1 |
User-level commands and applications |
2 |
System calls and kernel error codes |
3 |
Library calls |
4 |
Device drivers and network protocols |
5 |
Standard file formats |
6 |
Games and demonstrations |
7 |
Miscellaneous files and documents |
8 |
System administration commands |
9 |
Obscure kernel specs and interfaces |
Substitution order
1. Redirect I/O |
2. Replace {} expansion |
3. Replace `~` expansion |
4. Params and variable expansion |
5. Commnad $() substitution |
6. Arithmetic expansion |
7. Process <() substitution |
8. Word splitting (IFS) |
9. File name expansion |
wget(1)
-q, --quiet
|
Turns off Wget's output |
-B, --base
|
Relative links using URL |
-t, --tries
|
Set number of retries |
-O {file|-}
|
Redirect output |
-T, --timeout
|
Network timeout to seconds |
date(1)
-d, --date=
|
Display time described, not now |
-s, --set=
|
Set time to described ¡ |
%a, %A
|
Sun, Sunday |
%b, %B
|
Jan, January |
%c
|
Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005 |
%d
|
day of month |
%F
|
full date; same as %Y-%m-%d |
%H, %I
|
hour (00..23), hour (01..12) |
%m
|
month (01..12) |
%M
|
minute (00..59) |
%s
|
seconds since epoch |
%S
|
second (00..60) |
%T
|
time; same as %H:%M:%S |
%Y
|
Year |
tar(1)
-c, --create
|
create new |
-r, --append
|
append files |
-t, --list
|
list the contents |
-u, --update
|
only append newer |
-x, --extract
|
extract files |
-C, --directory=
|
change to directory |
-f, --file=
|
use archive file or device |
-j, --bzip2
|
bzip2 |
-z, --gzip
|
gzip |
sort(1)
-b
|
ignore leading blanks |
-d
|
only blanks and alphanumeric |
-f
|
case insensitive |
-i
|
ignore non-printable |
-M
|
compare 3-letter month |
-h
|
human numeric (2K < 1G) |
-n
|
numeric |
-R
|
random short (hash) |
-r
|
reverse result, i. e. descending |
-k
|
Key start at pos (origin 1) |
-u
|
Delete duplicates |
-z
|
Zero terminated lines |
read(1)
-p prompt
|
Shows prompt text |
-r
|
One line only (no backslash) |
-s
|
Silent. No echo. |
-t
|
Timeout in seconds |
-u fd
|
Read from file descriptor |
-n
|
Number of chars |
-d
|
Set delimiter |
du(1)
-a
|
All files (not just dirs) |
--files0-from=
|
Null separated. '-' is stdin |
-h
|
Human readable |
--max-depth
|
'0' => just given argument |
lvm(8) - pv / vg / lv
~change |
Change attributes |
~create |
Initialize for use by LVM. |
~display |
Display attributes |
~resize |
Resize a LVM ~ |
~extend -L |
Extends ~ by [+]bytes |
~scan |
Shows all LVM ~ |
Tips: mkfs -t ext3 part / resize2fs lv_name
/etc/passwd
login:passwd:UID:GID:info:home:shell |
/etc/shadow
login:passwd:lastchange:mintime:maxtime:warntime:detime:lcktime: |
passwd(1)
-e
|
Expire date |
-d
|
Delete password |
-l, -u
|
Lock or unlock |
-n
|
Min days between changes |
-x
|
Max days of validity |
-w
|
Warn days before expire |
-i
|
Deactivate days |
-S
|
Show status of account |
/etc/group
name:passwd:GID:login-list |
|
|
Shell and tools (I)
type |
Shows type of the program or command given as first paramether |
stty |
Change and print terminal line settings |
chpasswd |
Reads from stdin pairs of type USER:PASSWORD |
id |
Returns user info uid=1000(name) gid=1000(name) . Exit code is set. |
bc |
Math expresions from stdin. Tip: use scale=n; for div precision |
seq |
[FISR [INCREMENT]] LAST |
Shell and tools (II)
cat |
who |
whoami |
head |
echo |
cp |
mv |
ln |
mkdir |
rm |
rmdir |
ln -s |
cat |
less |
more |
bg |
tee |
exec |
jobs |
fg |
env |
printenv |
readonly |
export |
local |
$(()) |
pwd |
ls |
paste |
uniq |
wc -l |
fmt |
join |
split |
tac |
rev |
nl |
expand |
od |
chown |
chgrp |
chmod |
passwd |
useradd |
userdel |
usermod |
groupadd |
find(1) [OPTIONS]
-maxdepth
|
Descend at most levels |
-mindepth
|
No actions at less than levels |
find(1) [TESTS]
+n, -n, n
|
greater, less, exactly n |
-amin n
|
Last accessed n minutes ago |
-atime n
|
Last accessed n days ago |
-cmin, -ctime n
|
Last changed |
-mmin, -mtime n
|
Last modified |
-empty
|
Empty regular or directory |
-executable
|
File or directory +x |
-group gname
|
File belongs to group |
-gid n
|
Numeric group ID |
-user uname
|
File belongs to user |
-uid n
|
Numeric user ID |
-name
|
Base name matches pattern |
-iname
|
-name, but case insensitive |
-path
|
File name matches pattern |
-perm mode
|
Permission bits are... |
g=u, +g=u, /g=u
|
exactly, at least, any of |
-size n[cwbkMG]
|
File uses space |
-type [bcdpfls]
|
File is of type |
-readable
|
With read permission |
-writable
|
With write permission |
find(1) [ACTIONS]
-delete
|
Delete files |
-exec cmd;
|
Execute for every file (multiple {}) |
-exec cmd+
|
Execute appending file (single {}) |
-fprint
|
Print into file |
-ok cmd ;
|
Like -exec, but ask user first |
-print0
|
Null seperated |
-printf
|
Print with format |
cut(1)
-b
|
Select bytes |
-c
|
Select characters |
-f
|
Select fields |
-d
|
Field delimiter |
--complement
|
Complement selector |
N, N-, N-M, -M
|
Specifies selector |
tail(1)
-c K
|
Bytes to print |
-n K
|
Lines to print |
K
|
May have sufix (b, kB, K...) |
+K
|
Print from... |
ps(1)
-e
|
All process |
-a
|
All except leaders and no-terminal |
-g
|
By group |
-p
|
By pid |
-t
|
By tty |
-u
|
By user |
-F
|
Full output format |
-o
|
Custom output format |
wc(1)
-l
|
Number of lines |
-w
|
Number of words |
-c
|
Number of bytes |
-L
|
Length of longest line |
Predefined variables
$0 |
Program name |
$1-$9 |
Normal params |
${10}, ${11}... |
More params |
$# |
Number of params |
$* |
List of params |
$@ |
List of params (*) |
$? |
Exit status code |
$$ |
Process id |
$! |
Last child process id |
(*) Use "$@" when reading in for-loop
/etc/sudoers
user ALL=ALL
%group ALL=NOPASSWD:/usr/bin/true |
|
|
Shell and tools (III)
if cond; then
[elif cond; then]
else
fi
IF=$' \t\n'
while cond
do
[break | continue]
done
until cond
for i in list
do
done
|
Shell special characters
' |
" |
\ |
& |
< |
> |
<< |
>> |
* |
| |
? |
[ ] |
[!^ ] |
$ |
; |
` |
Between " " only $, `cmd` and \
Extended regex
. |
[ ] |
[^ ] |
^ |
$ |
* |
( ) |
\ |
{n,m} |
+ |
? |
\w |
\s |
\b |
\B |
egrep(1)
-e
|
Specifies the pattern |
-f
|
Get patterns from file lines |
-i
|
Case insensitive |
-v
|
Select non-matching lines |
-w
|
Match whole words only |
-c
|
Show (non-)matching lines count |
-q
|
Quiet (exit 0 when match) |
test(1)
( EXPRESSION )
|
is true |
! EXPRESSION
|
is false |
EXP -a EXP
|
Logic AND |
EXP -o EXP
|
Logic OR |
-n STRING
|
Not null string |
-z STRING
|
Null string |
STR = STR
|
Strings are equal |
STR != STR
|
Strings are different |
INT -eq INT
|
Numbers are equal |
INT -ne INT
|
Numbers are different |
-ge, -gt
|
>=, > |
-le, -lt
|
<=, < |
FILE1 -ef FILE2
|
Same device and inode |
FILE1 -nt FILE2
|
F1 is newer than F2 |
FILE1 -ot FILE2
|
F1 is older than F2 |
-b, -c, -d, -f
|
block, chars, dir, regular |
-e, -r, -w, -x
|
exists, read, write, exec |
-t FD
|
File descriptor FD is opened |
stat(1)
-c
|
Specifies output format |
%a, %A
|
Access rights octal, human |
%b, %s
|
Size in block, bytes |
%F
|
File type |
%g, %G
|
Group owner id, name |
%h
|
Number of names (links) |
%i
|
Inode number |
%n, $N
|
File name, quoted |
%t, %T
|
Device major, minor |
%u, %U
|
User owner id, name |
%x, %X
|
Last access time, epoch |
%y, %Y
|
Last modified time, epoch |
%z, %Z
|
Last changed time, epoch |
tr(1)
-c |
Use complement of SET1 |
-d |
delete chars from SET1 |
Translation occurs if -d is not given and both SET1 and SET2 appear. SET2 is extended to length of SET1 by repeating its last character as necessary. Excess characters of SET2 are ignored.
sed(1)
-e cmd
|
Multi-command mode |
=
|
Current line number |
`a` |
Append text |
`i` |
Insert text |
`c` |
Replace lines |
d
|
Delete pattern |
s
|
Replace pattern |
g
|
Apply globally (more than once) |
[ line_n [ ,line_n ] ] commnad [ parameters ]
! line_n command [parameters]
[ line_n, $ ] commnad [ parameters ]
ps(1) [FORMAT]
pid |
state |
user |
ruser |
group |
rgroup |
pid |
ppid |
pgid |
pcpu |
nice |
etime |
time |
tty |
comm |
args |
xargs(1)
-i
|
permite el uso de {} |
-r
|
No run if empty |
--null, -0
|
Null terminated args |
-d
|
Delimiter |
-n
|
Max args |
|
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https://www.xdevelop.ml
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