Sections of man pages1 | User-level commands and applications | 2 | System calls and kernel error codes | 3 | Library calls | 4 | Device drivers and network protocols | 5 | Standard file formats | 6 | Games and demonstrations | 7 | Miscellaneous files and documents | 8 | System administration commands | 9 | Obscure kernel specs and interfaces |
Substitution order1. Redirect I/O | 2. Replace {} expansion | 3. Replace `~` expansion | 4. Params and variable expansion | 5. Commnad $() substitution | 6. Arithmetic expansion | 7. Process <() substitution | 8. Word splitting (IFS) | 9. File name expansion |
wget(1)-q, --quiet
| Turns off Wget's output | -B, --base
| Relative links using URL | -t, --tries
| Set number of retries | -O {file|-}
| Redirect output | -T, --timeout
| Network timeout to seconds |
date(1)-d, --date=
| Display time described, not now | -s, --set=
| Set time to described ¡ | %a, %A
| Sun, Sunday | %b, %B
| Jan, January | %c
| Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005 | %d
| day of month | %F
| full date; same as %Y-%m-%d | %H, %I
| hour (00..23), hour (01..12) | %m
| month (01..12) | %M
| minute (00..59) | %s
| seconds since epoch | %S
| second (00..60) | %T
| time; same as %H:%M:%S | %Y
| Year |
tar(1)-c, --create
| create new | -r, --append
| append files | -t, --list
| list the contents | -u, --update
| only append newer | -x, --extract
| extract files | -C, --directory=
| change to directory | -f, --file=
| use archive file or device | -j, --bzip2
| bzip2 | -z, --gzip
| gzip |
sort(1)-b
| ignore leading blanks | -d
| only blanks and alphanumeric | -f
| case insensitive | -i
| ignore non-printable | -M
| compare 3-letter month | -h
| human numeric (2K < 1G) | -n
| numeric | -R
| random short (hash) | -r
| reverse result, i. e. descending | -k
| Key start at pos (origin 1) | -u
| Delete duplicates | -z
| Zero terminated lines |
read(1)-p prompt
| Shows prompt text | -r
| One line only (no backslash) | -s
| Silent. No echo. | -t
| Timeout in seconds | -u fd
| Read from file descriptor | -n
| Number of chars | -d
| Set delimiter |
du(1)-a
| All files (not just dirs) | --files0-from=
| Null separated. '-' is stdin | -h
| Human readable | --max-depth
| '0' => just given argument |
lvm(8) - pv / vg / lv~change | Change attributes | ~create | Initialize for use by LVM. | ~display | Display attributes | ~resize | Resize a LVM ~ | ~extend -L | Extends ~ by [+]bytes | ~scan | Shows all LVM ~ |
Tips: mkfs -t ext3 part / resize2fs lv_name /etc/passwdlogin:passwd:UID:GID:info:home:shell |
/etc/shadowlogin:passwd:lastchange:mintime:maxtime:warntime:detime:lcktime: |
/etc/groupname:passwd:GID:login-list |
passwd(1)-e
| Expire date | -d
| Delete password | -l, -u
| Lock or unlock | -n
| Min days between changes | -x
| Max days of validity | -w
| Warn days before expire | -i
| Deactivate days | -S
| Show status of account |
| | Shell and tools (I)type | Shows type of the program or command given as first paramether | stty | Change and print terminal line settings | chpasswd | Reads from stdin pairs of type USER:PASSWORD | id | Returns user info uid=1000(name) gid=1000(name). Exit code is set. | bc | Math expresions from stdin. Tip: use scale=n; for div precision | seq | [FISR [INCREMENT]] LAST |
Shell and tools (II)cat | who | whoami | head | echo | cp | mv | ln | mkdir | rm | rmdir | ln -s | cat | less | more | bg | tee | exec | jobs | fg | env | printenv | readonly | export | local | $(()) | pwd | ls | paste | uniq | wc -l | fmt | join | split | tac | rev | nl | expand | od | chown | chgrp | chmod | passwd | useradd | userdel | usermod | groupadd |
find(1) [OPTIONS]-maxdepth
| Descend at most levels | -mindepth
| No actions at less than levels |
find(1) [TESTS]+n, -n, n
| greater, less, exactly n | -amin n
| Last accessed n minutes ago | -atime n
| Last accessed n days ago | -cmin, -ctime n
| Last changed | -mmin, -mtime n
| Last modified | -empty
| Empty regular or directory | -executable
| File or directory +x | -group gname
| File belongs to group | -gid n
| Numeric group ID | -user uname
| File belongs to user | -uid n
| Numeric user ID | -name
| Base name matches pattern | -iname
| -name, but case insensitive | -path
| File name matches pattern | -perm mode
| Permission bits are... | g=u, +g=u, /g=u
| exactly, at least, any of | -size n[cwbkMG]
| File uses space | -type [bcdpfls]
| File is of type | -readable
| With read permission | -writable
| With write permission |
find(1) [ACTIONS]-delete
| Delete files | -exec cmd;
| Execute for every file (multiple {}) | -exec cmd+
| Execute appending file (single {}) | -fprint
| Print into file | -ok cmd ;
| Like -exec, but ask user first | -print0
| Null seperated | -printf
| Print with format |
cut(1)-b
| Select bytes | -c
| Select characters | -f
| Select fields | -d
| Field delimiter | --complement
| Complement selector | N, N-, N-M, -M
| Specifies selector |
tail(1)-c K
| Bytes to print | -n K
| Lines to print | K
| May have sufix (b, kB, K...) | +K
| Print from... |
ps(1)-e
| All process | -a
| All except leaders and no-terminal | -g
| By group | -p
| By pid | -t
| By tty | -u
| By user | -F
| Full output format | -o
| Custom output format |
wc(1)-l
| Number of lines | -w
| Number of words | -c
| Number of bytes | -L
| Length of longest line |
Predefined variables$0 | Program name | $1-$9 | Normal params | ${10}, ${11}... | More params | $# | Number of params | $* | List of params | $@ | List of params (*) | $? | Exit status code | $$ | Process id | $! | Last child process id |
(*) Use "$@" when reading in for-loop /etc/sudoersuser ALL=ALL
%group ALL=NOPASSWD:/usr/bin/true |
| | Shell and tools (III)if cond; then
[elif cond; then]
else
fi
IF=$' \t\n'
while cond
do
[break | continue]
done
until cond
for i in list
do
done
|
Shell special charactersBetween " " only $, `cmd` and \ Extended regex. | [ ] | [^ ] | ^ | $ | * | ( ) | \ | {n,m} | + | ? | \w | \s | \b | \B |
egrep(1)-e
| Specifies the pattern | -f
| Get patterns from file lines | -i
| Case insensitive | -v
| Select non-matching lines | -w
| Match whole words only | -c
| Show (non-)matching lines count | -q
| Quiet (exit 0 when match) |
test(1)( EXPRESSION )
| is true | ! EXPRESSION
| is false | EXP -a EXP
| Logic AND | EXP -o EXP
| Logic OR | -n STRING
| Not null string | -z STRING
| Null string | STR = STR
| Strings are equal | STR != STR
| Strings are different | INT -eq INT
| Numbers are equal | INT -ne INT
| Numbers are different | -ge, -gt
| >=, > | -le, -lt
| <=, < | FILE1 -ef FILE2
| Same device and inode | FILE1 -nt FILE2
| F1 is newer than F2 | FILE1 -ot FILE2
| F1 is older than F2 | -b, -c, -d, -f
| block, chars, dir, regular | -e, -r, -w, -x
| exists, read, write, exec | -t FD
| File descriptor FD is opened |
stat(1)-c
| Specifies output format | %a, %A
| Access rights octal, human | %b, %s
| Size in block, bytes | %F
| File type | %g, %G
| Group owner id, name | %h
| Number of names (links) | %i
| Inode number | %n, $N
| File name, quoted | %t, %T
| Device major, minor | %u, %U
| User owner id, name | %x, %X
| Last access time, epoch | %y, %Y
| Last modified time, epoch | %z, %Z
| Last changed time, epoch |
tr(1)-c | Use complement of SET1 | -d | delete chars from SET1 |
Translation occurs if -d is not given and both SET1 and SET2 appear. SET2 is extended to length of SET1 by repeating its last character as necessary. Excess characters of SET2 are ignored. sed(1)-e cmd
| Multi-command mode | =
| Current line number | `a` | Append text | `i` | Insert text | `c` | Replace lines | d
| Delete pattern | s
| Replace pattern | g
| Apply globally (more than once) |
[ line_n [ ,line_n ] ] commnad [ parameters ]
! line_n command [parameters]
[ line_n, $ ] commnad [ parameters ]
ps(1) [FORMAT]pid | state | user | ruser | group | rgroup | pid | ppid | pgid | pcpu | nice | etime | time | tty | comm | args |
xargs(1)-i
| permite el uso de {} | -r
| No run if empty | --null, -0
| Null terminated args | -d
| Delimiter | -n
| Max args |
|
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