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Cheatography

File managment exs

 
{
FILE *fp;
char ch;
fp = fopen(­"­one.tx­t", "­w");
printf­("Enter data...");
while( (ch = getchar()) != EOF) {
putc(ch, fp);
}
fclose­(fp);
fp = fopen(­"­one.tx­t", "­r");

while( (ch = getc(fp)! = EOF)
printf­("%c­"­,ch);

// closing the file pointer
fclose­(fp);

return 0;
}

stucture

struct Books {
struct Books Book1;
char title[50];
strcpy( Book2.t­itle, "­Telecom Billin­g");
char author­[50];
strcpy
char subjec­t[100];
dest − This is the pointer to the destin­ation array where the content is to be copied.
int book_id;
src − This is the string to be copied.
} book;

qsort

void qsort(void base, size_t nitems, size_t size, int (compar­)(const void , const void))
base − This is the pointer to the first element of the array to be sorted.

nitems − This is the number of elements in the array pointed by base.

size − This is the size in bytes of each element in the array.

compar − This is the function that compares two elements.
 

File managment functions

fopen() create a new file or open a existing file
a opens a text file in append mode
fclose() closes a file
w opens or create a text file in writing mode.
getc() reads a character from a file
r opens a text file in reading mode
putc() writes a character to a file
fscanf() reads a set of data from a file
fprintf() writes a set of data to a file

array search

int main()
{
int array[­100], search, c, n;

printf­("Enter the number of elements in array­\n");
scanf(­"­%d",­&n);

printf­("Enter %d intege­r(s­)\n­", n);

for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
scanf(­"­%d", &a­rra­y[c]);

printf­("Enter the number to search­\n");
scanf(­"­%d", &s­earch);

for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
{
if (array[c] == search) / if required element found /
{
printf­("%d is present at location %d.\n", search, c+1);
break;
}
}
if (c == n)
printf­("%d is not present in array.­\n", search);

return 0;
}
 

c - bits manipu­lation

&
Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.
(A & B) will give 12 which is 0000 1100
|
Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in eather operand.
(A | B) will give 61 which is 0011 1101
^
Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.
(A ^ B) will give 49 which is 0011 0001
~
Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the efect of 'flipping' bits.
(~A ) will give -60 which is 1100 0011
<<
Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.
A << 2 will give 240 which is 1111 0000

char array

char p[] = "­hel­lo"
char *p = "­hel­lo"
 

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