File managment exs
{
FILE *fp;
char ch;
fp = fopen("one.txt", "w");
printf("Enter data...");
while( (ch = getchar()) != EOF) {
putc(ch, fp);
}
fclose(fp);
fp = fopen("one.txt", "r");
while( (ch = getc(fp)! = EOF)
printf("%c",ch);
// closing the file pointer
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
stucture
struct Books { |
struct Books Book1; |
char title[50]; |
strcpy( Book2.title, "Telecom Billing"); |
char author[50]; |
strcpy |
char subject[100]; |
dest − This is the pointer to the destination array where the content is to be copied. |
int book_id; |
src − This is the string to be copied. |
} book; |
qsort
void qsort(void base, size_t nitems, size_t size, int (compar)(const void , const void))
base − This is the pointer to the first element of the array to be sorted.
nitems − This is the number of elements in the array pointed by base.
size − This is the size in bytes of each element in the array.
compar − This is the function that compares two elements. |
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File managment functions
fopen() create a new file or open a existing file |
a opens a text file in append mode |
fclose() closes a file |
w opens or create a text file in writing mode. |
getc() reads a character from a file |
r opens a text file in reading mode |
putc() writes a character to a file |
fscanf() reads a set of data from a file |
fprintf() writes a set of data to a file |
array search
int main()
{
int array[100], search, c, n;
printf("Enter the number of elements in array\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter %d integer(s)\n", n);
for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
scanf("%d", &array[c]);
printf("Enter the number to search\n");
scanf("%d", &search);
for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
{
if (array[c] == search) / if required element found /
{
printf("%d is present at location %d.\n", search, c+1);
break;
}
}
if (c == n)
printf("%d is not present in array.\n", search);
return 0;
} |
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c - bits manipulation
& |
Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands. |
(A & B) will give 12 which is 0000 1100 |
| |
Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in eather operand. |
(A | B) will give 61 which is 0011 1101 |
^ |
Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both. |
(A ^ B) will give 49 which is 0011 0001 |
~ |
Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the efect of 'flipping' bits. |
(~A ) will give -60 which is 1100 0011 |
<< |
Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand. |
A << 2 will give 240 which is 1111 0000 |
char array
char p[] = "hello" |
char *p = "hello" |
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