Antihypertension drugs classification
diuretics |
sympathoplegics |
direct vasodilators |
angiotensin II inhibitors |
Diuretics
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors |
osmotic agents |
loop/high ceiling diuretics |
thiazide diuretics |
potassium sparing |
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors +amide
acetazolamide, dichlorphenamide, methazolamide, dorzolamide |
primary site of action; poximal tubule |
secondary site of action; collecting duct |
administer; orally |
eliminated; via kidney |
Adverse effects; Drowsiness, Skin toxicity, bone marrow toxicity, Metabolic acidosis, urinary alkalinization. |
Therapeutic uses; Rarely used as diuretics, Glaucoma, epilepsy, Altitude sickness, to correct metabolic alkalosis |
|
|
osmotic diuretics
Mannitol, Urea, Glycerin, Isosorbide |
Site of action -Nephron segments permeable to water |
Pharmacologically inert |
oral administration; Glycerin & Isosorbide |
IV administration; Mannitol & urea |
renal elimination; Isosorbide, urea, Mannitol |
metabolism; glycerin, Mannitol (- 10%) |
Adverse effects; Headache, nausea, vomiting, Dehydration, Pain (urea), Hyperglycemia (glycerin) |
Therapeutic uses; acute glaucoma & Cerebral edema (increased ICP) |
|
|
Loop/high ceiling diuretics
Furosemide, Torsemide, Ethacrynic acid |
inhibit Na+-K+-2Cl- symport |
Some carbonic anhydrase inhibition activity |
Site of action; thick ascending limb (ThAL) |
administer; orally |
Elimination: metabolism and renal unchanged |
Adverse effects; Ototoxicity, Hyperuricemia+Lipidemia, hypo-K+/Mg+/Ca+ |
Therapeutic use; Acute pulmonary edema, Chronic CHF, HTN, edema of nephrotic syn., cure toxemia |
|
