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Interactions within ecosystems
Interdependence of organisms
Producer: |
Makes its own food via photosynthesis |
Primary consumer |
Feeds mainly on plants |
Secondary consumer |
Feeds mainly on other animals |
Scavenger |
Feeds on dead animals |
Decomposer |
Feeds on dead and decay matters |
Food chain
Producer -> Primary consumer -> Secondary consumer -> Tertiary consumer |
From one tropic level to the next tropic level, 90% of the energy is lost as heat to the surroundings |
Only 10% of the energy from one tropic level is transferred to the next tropic level |
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Food chain
A typical food chain |
shows the sequence of organisms through which energy from the sun is transferred |
A typical food chain usually has no more than five trophic levels |
Energy in food is not sufficient to support the growth of living organisms after five trophic levels |
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recall: only 10% of the energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next trophic level |
Pyramid of numbers |
represents the number of living organism in each trophic level |
processes that cause energy in food to be lost |
e.g. Respiration, undigested food passing out of body as waste |
Energy conversion |
from light energy from the sun to chemical energy in food at each trophic level |
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Definition:
Herbivores |
animals that eat plants |
Carnivores |
animals that eat meat |
Omnivores |
animals that eat both plants and meat |
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