Transposable Elements Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by Sourav355

Transp­osable elements (TEs), also known as jumping genes, are DNA sequences that have the ability to move or transpose within a genome. They can change their position within the genome and are found in the genomes of various organisms, including bacteria, plants, and animals.

Retrot­ran­spo­sons: These elements transpose through an RNA interm­ediate.
a. Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrot­ran­spo­sons: Contain direct repeats and encode reverse transc­riptase and integrase enzymes.
b. Non-LTR retrot­ran­spo­sons: Lack LTRs and use a protein called reverse transc­riptase to transpose.

DNA transp­osons: These elements transpose directly via a DNA interm­ediate.
a. Class I transp­osons: Encode a transp­osase enzyme, which mediates the transp­osi­tion.
b. Class II transp­osons: Encode a transp­osase enzyme, similar to Class I transp­osons.