Subject pronouns
Use: To replace nouns when it is clear who is being talked about. Present tense conjugation
Conjugation: Pronoun + present tense stem + present tense ending (er, re, or ir) Present tense stem: Remove the '-er', '-re' or '-ir' from the end of the verb. Meaning: I verb, I am verb-ing, I do verb Future tense conjugation
Conjugation: Pronoun + future tense stem + Avoir present tense ending (irregular) Future tense stem: The full infinitive. Meaning: I will verb Emphatic pronouns
Use: For emphasis (e.g. moi, je...), on its own, after a preposition (e.g. avec eux; derriere moi), in comparison (e.g. rapide que toi), to denote belonging (c'est à moi), after 'c'est' and 'ce sont', and combined with 'même' (e.g. moi-même (myself)) Indirect object pronouns
Use: To refer to a person/thing as a recipient of an action. It replaces 'à + noun'. Word order: The inDOP usually comes directly in front of the verb (e.g. il ne nous parle pas), unless used in positive imperatives (e.g. montre-le nous). In imperatives, 'me' and 'te' are also replaced with 'moi' and 'toi' (e.g. donne-moi ça). TBC |
Imperfect tense conjugation
Conjugation: Pronoun + present tense stem + imperfect tense ending Present tense stem: Remove the '-er', '-re' or '-ir' from the end of the infinitive. Meaning: I used to verb, I was verb-ing Conditional tense conjugationFuture tense stem: the full infinitive. Conjugation: Pronoun + Future tense stem + Imperfect tense ending Meaning: I would verb Possessive adjectives
Use: Demonstrative adjectives
Use: To point out a particular thing or person Indefinite adjectives
Use: To talk about people or things in a general way without saying exactly who or what they are. Direct object pronouns
Use: To replace a person or thing affected by an action when it is clear who/what is being referred to, to avoid excessive repetition. Word order: The DOP comes directly in front of the verb (e.g. je t'aime), unless in positive imperatives in which case it comes after the verb (asseyez-vous). TBC |
Perfect tense conjugation
Conjugation: Pronoun + Avoir or Être conjugation + past participle (present tense stem + past participle ending) Irregular rule: Conjugations that use Être must have the past participle agree with the pronoun. Present tense stem (past participle): Remove the '-er', '-re', or '-ir' from the end of the infinitive. Meaning: I verb -ed, I have verb -ed, I did verb Articles
Use: In front of nouns to determine if they are specific (definite), non-specific (indefinite) or partial (partitive). Possessive pronouns
Question words
Word order: combien: combien + verb; combien de + noun quoi: quoi + quel, lequel: is made to agree with the object that is asked about TBC |
Cheatography
https://cheatography.com
French grammar rules Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by soleille01
Basic French grammar rules.
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.