Types of Injuries
Muscle Strains |
- Pain, Limited Motion, Muscle Spasm & Weakness, Localised Swelling, Cramping, Inflammation, Loss of muscle Function |
Ligament Sprains |
- Pain, Swelling, Bruising, Instability, Loss of Ability of move and use the joint, Pop/Tear at time of the injury |
Tendon Disorders |
- Tendinitis, Tendinosis, Tenosynovitis |
Dislocations |
Fractures |
Shoulder Injuries
Dislocated/Subluxated AC Joint |
Fractured Clavicle |
Dislocated Shoulder |
Supraspinatus Tendinopathy |
FOOSH |
AC Joint Injuries
- Arthritis - Weightlifters |
- Fractures |
- Sprains (with/without separation and instability) |
Elbow Injuries
- Soft Tissue - lateral + medial epi condylitis |
Hand Injuries
- Fractures + Dislocation of the phalanges + metacarpals |
- Mallet Finger and Gamekeeper/Skier's thumb |
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
- 2 types,
CRPS-I - soft tissue injury/immobilisation with absence of nerve injury
CRPS-II - occurs after an injury to a major peripheral nerve |
- Continuous, intense pain not related to the injury, gets worse than better over time |
Budapest Criteria
- Presence of pain with is not related to the causative event |
- Presence of one sign in two or more of the categories listed below |
- Presence of at least one symptom in three or more of the categories listed below |
- Ruled out other diagnosis |
Categories
Sensory: Allodynia (light touch, temperature, deep somatic pressure/joint movement), and/or hyperalgesia (pin prick), can have hyperesthesia |
Vasomotor: Temperature differences (>1C)/skin colour changes and or skin colour asymmetry |
Sudomotor/oedema: Oedema/sweating/sweating asymmetry |
Motor/Trophic: Reduction in ROM/motor dysfunction (weakness, tremour, dystonia) and/or trophic changes |
Management
Patient Centred diagnosis: |
Significance of illness to patient |
Effect on family and relationships, work and income, sexuality, attitude + spirituality |
Psychological effects - stress, anxiety, abnormal illness behaviour, sleep, depression |
Patient centred management: |
Psychological support |
Appropriate reassurance |
Patient Education |
Empowering self responsibility |
Anticipatory guidance/special hazards |
Prevention |
Health Promotion |
Lifestyle reccomendations/modifications - diet/nutrition, exercise, alcohol, smoking, stress management |
Family and social supports |
Self Help groups |
Alternative options |
Consultation and referral |
Follow- up |
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