This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
GIT disorders
1) Chamomile flowers "Anthemis nobilis" |
2) Ginger |
3) Licorice roots/rhizomes/extract |
Fam. Asteraceae (could be adultred with dog fennel "Anthemis cotula" |
AI: V.O. (pehonlic/pungunt: gingerol, shogaol
Sequiterpene (aromatic): Zingiberne B-bisabolene |
AI: Saponin glycosides (glycyrrhizin) & flavonoid glycosides |
AI: a-bisabolol/ Chamazulene/ Flavonoids (apigenin, luteolin, quercetin) |
MOA: Gingerol antagonizes 5-HT receptors. |
MOA: Glycyrrhizin becomes glycerrhtic acid & 2 glucuronic acid.
Flavonoids increase secretin. |
Distillation of oil turns blue color (matiricine) into green color (chamazulene) |
USES: anti-emetic for motion sickness, pregnant, bed-ridden/anti-inflammtory |
Uses: for cough (glycyrrhizin) & peptic ulcer. |
Adultration with dog fennel flowers, which contains higher amounts of anthecotulide, results in skin allergy. |
CI: With warfarin, antiplatelets. |
since glycyrrhizin causes hypertension & hypokalemia, we use DGL for peptic ulcer (useless for cough) |
Uses: Anti-inflamm. anti-bacterial
- Kinetosis/motion sickness
-Calming effect (Apigenin action on BDZ-receptor binding ligand) |
Cautio: with warfarin/anticoagulants (due to coumarins) |
Standardization: 400mg flowers/capsules with 1% apigenin & 0.5% E.O. |
Ginger & peppermint in top 10 used in USA.
IBS
1) Peppermint oil |
AI: 44% menthol |
Uses: anti-spasmodic |
MOA: menthol causes Ca channel antagonism---> muscle relaxation. |
Caution: causes heartburn due to LES relaxation. |
Enteric-coated capsules to avoid GER.
Constipation
Bulk laxatives (dietary fibers & mucilage) |
Irritant & stimulant lax. |
Osmotic laxatives |
Lubricant laxatives |
Psyllium husk & linseed. |
AI: anthraquinones |
AI: Organic acids & sugar |
AI: Mineral oils |
MOA: they retain water and bulk in intestine--> peristaltic movement |
Senna (sennosides), cascara (cascarosides), rhubarb (rhein) |
Tamarind pulp (20% organic acids, mucilage, sugar |
Use: chronic constipation. |
Uses: acute constipation |
Uses: chronic constipation |
Must be taken with plenty of water. |
Castor oil (50% fixed oils) |
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MOA: ricinolein is digested into ricinoleic acid---> increased intestinal movement |
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CI: children, pregnant, old age, allergic reactions |
Liver disorders
St. Mary's thistle |
Fam. Asteraceae |
AI: standardized 80% silybin |
Uses: protective agent after acetaminophen, alcohol, ccl4. |
MOA: potent antioxidant, antifibrinolytic, anti-inflamm. |
Caution: hypersensitivity |
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