Rizal's Parents
Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y Alejandro |
Teodora Morales Alonzo Realonda de Rizal y Quintos |
Rizal's Siblings
Saturnina Rizal |
Paciano Rizal |
Narcisa Rizal |
Olympia Rizal |
Lucia Rizal |
Maria Rizal |
Jose Rizal |
Concepcion Rizal |
Josefa Rizal |
Trinidad Rizal |
Soledad Rizal |
Spouse
Josephine Bracken (m 1896 - 1896) |
Cause of Death
Execution by firing squad |
School
University of Santo Tomas |
Ateneo de Manila University |
Complutense University of Madrid |
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Youthful Intellectual Endeavors
He was reciting the alphabet by the age of three and was able to read and write by the age of five. |
First Teacher - his mother |
Jose graduated high school with the highest honors at the age of 16. He concentrated his studies in land surveying. |
After leaving high school he further pursued his training in land surveying and completed training in 1877. He passed the exam to get his license in this field in May of 1878. However, he was unable to receive the license because he was just 17 and thus underaged at the time. He was not given the license until he came of age in 1881. |
When Jose could not get his license, he decided to take classes and become a medical student at the University of Santo Tomas. However, he did not stay in attendance for very long at this school because he said that the Dominican instructors were being discriminatory of Filipino students. |
After dropping out and receiving his license as a land surveyor, Jose went to Madrid and enrolled in the Central University of Madrid in May of 1884. |
At the age of 23, he graduated with a medical degree. |
The year after he graduated with his medical degree he obtained a degree from the department of Philosophy and Letters. |
Rizal went back to school once again to advance his knowledge in the field of ophthalmology. He studied in Paris and Germany and completed another doctorate degree in Heidelberg in 1887. |
became an opthalmologist for personal reasons - treating his mother's blindness |
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List of Books and Published Works of Jose Rizal
Noli Me Tangere |
novel, 1887 |
El Filibusterismo |
(novel, 1891), sequel to Noli Me Tángere |
Alin Mang Lahi (“Whate’er the Race”) |
a Kundiman attributed to Dr. Jose Rizal |
The Friars and the Filipinos |
(Unfinished) |
Toast to Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo |
(Speech, 1884), given at Restaurante Ingles, Madrid |
The Diaries of José Rizal |
Filipinas dentro de cien años |
essay, 1889–90 (The Philippines a Century Hence) |
La Indolencia de los Filipinos |
essay, 1890 (The indolence of Filipinos) |
Makamisa |
unfinished novel |
Sa Mga Kababaihang Taga Malolos |
essay, 1889, To the Young Women of Malolos |
Annotations to Antonio de Moragas, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas |
(essay, 1889, Events in the Philippine Islands) |
Poetry
A La Juventud Filipina (English translation: To The Philippine Youth) |
Mi Ultimo Adiós (English translation: My Last Farewell) |
Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (English translation: Memories of My Town) |
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Rizal's Journey
In 1887 Rizal published his first novel, Noli me tangere (The Social Cancer), a passionate exposure of the evils of Spanish rule in the Philippines. |
A sequel, El filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of Greed), established his reputation as the leading spokesman of the Philippine reform movement. |
He published an annotated edition (1890; reprinted 1958) of Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, hoping to show that the native people of the Philippines had a long history before the coming of the Spaniards. |
He became the leader of the Propaganda Movement, contributing numerous articles to its newspaper, La Solidaridad, published in Barcelona. |
Rizal’s political program included integration of the Philippines as a province of Spain, representation in the Cortes (the Spanish parliament), the replacement of Spanish friars by Filipino priests, freedom of assembly and expression, and equality of Filipinos and Spaniards before the law. |
Rizal returned to the Philippines in 1892. He founded a nonviolent-reform society, the Liga Filipina, in Manila, and was deported to Dapitan in northwest Mindanao. He remained in exile for the next four years. |
In 1896 the Katipunan, a Filipino nationalist secret society, revolted against Spain. Although he had no connections with that organization and he had had no part in the insurrection, Rizal was arrested and tried for sedition by the military. |
Found guilty, he was publicly executed by a firing squad in Manila. |
His martyrdom convinced Filipinos that there was no alternative to independence from Spain. On the eve of his execution, while confined in Fort Santiago, Rizal wrote “Último adiós” (“Last Farewell”), a masterpiece of 19th-century Spanish verse. |
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