Cheatography
https://cheatography.com
Basic Networking Cheat Sheet
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
OSI Layers
Application |
End User |
HTTP, SSH, DNS, FTP |
7 |
Presentation |
Encryption, Compression |
SSL, TSL, MPEG |
6 |
Session |
Auth, Perms |
API's, Sockets |
5 |
Transport |
Segmenting |
TCP, UDP |
4 |
Network |
Packets |
IP |
3 |
Data Link |
Frames, MAC |
Ethernet, Bridge |
2 |
Physical |
Media |
Wireless, Cabling |
1 |
TCP VS UDP
TCP |
UDP |
3-way handshake |
no confirmation |
More reliable |
Less reliable |
Slower |
Faster |
Arranged packets |
Independent packets |
error-checking |
no error-checking |
Heavy |
light |
Protocols
ARP- Address Resolution Protocl |
Translates IP to MAC |
DNS - Domain Name System |
Translates domain name to IP |
53 TCP/UDP |
DHCP - Dynamic Host Config Protocol |
Assigns IPs to client on the network |
67 UDP |
FTP - File Transer Protocol |
It's in the name |
20 TCP |
HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol |
Used to display information |
80/443 TCP/UDP |
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol |
Common mail send protocol |
25/465 TCP |
POP3 - Post Office Protocol |
retrieves mail from email server and removes it |
110/995 TCP |
IMAP - Internet Message Access Protocol |
retrieves mail from email server and leaves it |
143/993 TCP |
SSH - Secure Shell |
Secure remote commands |
22 TCP/UDP |
|
|
ARP - Address Resolution Protocol
Maps an IP address to a MAC address.
Sender broadcasts an ARP request with the IP address to be
mapped.
Owner of the IP address replies with its MAC address. |
TCP
Client |
Server |
SYN (Sync) -> |
| |
<- SYN,ACK |
ACK (Acknowledge) -> |
HUB v Switch
Hub |
Switch |
Layer 1 |
Layer 2 |
Repeats signals mindlessly |
finds intended client |
cheap and simple |
complex but smart |
Commands
IPCONFIG |
View of IP information of device |
NSLOOKUP |
Shows connection information with domains |
HOSTNAME |
shows computer name |
Ping |
allows simple packet transfer to check connection |
tracert |
shows packet pathing to requested server |
netstat |
shows overview of device's network connections with addresses |
systeminfo |
shows hardware and software details of device |
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