This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Genetics
- Zacharias Janssen invented the first optical compound microscope in 1595 |
- In 1665 Robert Hooke used a light microscope to look at non living cork cells and therefore coined the term cells |
- Anton van Leeuwenhoek made microscopes w/ 10x power and observed the first living organisms which he called animacules. |
Cell Theory an Shit
- Properties of cells 1) Life is the most basic property of cells 2)Cells are the smallest units of life 3) Cells are highly complex and organized. |
- Cell Theory 1) All organisms are made of one or more cells 2) Cell is the basic unit of life 3) Cells can only arise from a preexisting cell. (This theory was created in the 1800s by three German scientists. |
Organisms
Unicellular Organisms - have just one cell such as amoebas but have problems functioning when they get too big and they don’t have a nervous system nor muscles. |
Multicellular- have more than one cell type and each cell type has a different and important role in your body. |
Prokaryotes - do not have a true Nucleus |
Eukaryotes- Have true nuclei |
Cloning
Somatic Cell Nucleus Transfer |
Gene Cloning |
Remove the nucleus of a body cell (somatic cell) and place it into an egg cell which has had its nucleus removed |
Isolate the gene of interest and Make copies of the gene using a smaller organism (bacteria or yeast) |
Stimulate the modified egg cell with its new nucleus to divide and develop into a new individual |
Transfer the gene into another organism |
Mitosis vs Meiosis
Meiosis |
Mitosis |
Interphase I |
Interphase |
Prophase I |
Prophase |
Metaphase I |
Metaphase |
Anaphase I |
Anaphase |
Telophase & Cytokinesis I |
Telpohase & Cytokinesis |
Repeat all steps again except for Interphase where the DNA is duplicated |
Deoxyribonucleic acid = DNA
Humans have 23 chromosomes (46 in total) |
Karyotype is a DNA chart with Homologous pairs (1 from mum 1 from dad) |
A chromosome is made up of two chromatid |
DNA is made of 4 base compounds (ACTG) |
Flower Reproduction
Female Flower Parts |
Male Flower Parts |
Pistil |
Stamen |
Stigma |
Anther |
Style |
Filament Pollen |
Ovary |
Ovules |
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Matter is Anything that Takes up Space
Mass is the amount of matter in something |
Volume is the amount of space taken up by something |
Density is the mass of an object that takes up a certain volume. It is calculated by dividing the mass of an object by its volume |
Everything's a Chemical
Everything in the world that isn’t energy is a chemical or contains chemicals |
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