This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Precursors
Linear Polymers |
- Covalent bonds
- nucleotides in DNA and RNA
- too big to fit in a cell
- fold into complex 3D shapes |
Supramolecular Complexes |
- Groups of linear polymers
-enzymes, ribosomes... |
Subcellular Organelles |
- Golgi
- ER
- Group of supramolecular complexes |
--> Cells --> Tissues |
--> Organisms |
Cell Requirements to live, grow and propagate
Precursors (that which comes before) |
precursors are oxidized for energy or combined to form larger biomolecules |
Energy |
to drive chemical reactions and/or other cellular processes (ex: muscle contractions) |
Information |
to direct and control cellular growth, propagation and response to environmental change |
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Stabilizing Forces
London Forces (dispersion, induced dipoles) |
- Weakest
- e;ectron clouds overlap, short lifespan, constantly breaking and reforming |
Hydrophobic Interactions |
- Special london force, non-polar molecules dissolved in water. the two don't mix so H2O forms a rigid structure around the non-polar molecules |
Dipole-Dipole Interactions |
Hydrogen Bond |
- Strong Dipole-dipole interaction
- attached to N, O, F (F not in living cells)
-lots of attractive force |
Electrostatic Interactions |
Ion pairing or salt bridges |
Energy decrease = more stable when nonpolar molecules interact with each other surrounded by water
- The 5 hold life together
General Definitions
Biochemistry: the study of the matter that makes up living things |
Structural Complementarity: what holds us together |
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Classes of Precursor Molecules
Carbohydrates |
PRIMARY ENERGY SOURCE
-Most abundant molecule in biosphere
-Sugars
-Play a role in other molecules |
Lipids (fats and oils) |
- excess of everything
-energy reserve (resevoir)
-can store an infinite amount
- stored in adipose cells
- MAIN COMPONENTS OF THE CELL MEMBRANE (barrier) |
Amino Acids |
- serve as a precurser to the proteins
- Bio source for nitrogen and sulfer
-can be oxidized for energy in case of starvation |
Nucleotides |
- DNA and RNA
- Trap and shuttle energy
- ATP
- signal transduction (turns hormone into a cellular response) |
Ochem v. Biochem
Organic chemistry is about carbon compounds |
Bio chemistry is about carbon compounds that crawl |
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