Cheatography
https://cheatography.com
FeaturesSocket-based activation | Bus-based activation | Device-based activation | Path-based activation | Mount and automount point management | Aggressive parallelization | Transactional unit activation logic | Backwards compatibility with SysV init |
Configuration/etc/systemd/system.conf override default configuration |
Unit Types.service A system service | .target A group of systemd units | .automount A file system automount point | .device A device file recognized by the kernel | .mount A file system mount point | .path A file or directory in a file system | .scope An externally created process | .slice A group of hierarchically organized units that manage system processes | .snapshot A saved state of the systemd manager | .socket An inter-process communication socket | .swap A swap device or a swap file | .timer A systemd timer |
Unit File Locations/usr/lib/systemd/system/ Systemd unit files distributed with installed packages | /run/systemd/system/ Systemd unit files created at run time | /etc/systemd/system/ Systemd unit files for extending a service |
Logsjournalctl -b show all messages from this boot | journalctl -b -1 show all messages from previous boot | journalctl --since="2012-10-30 18:17:16" show all messages from date and optional time | journalctl --since "20 min ago" show all messages since 20 minutes ago | journalctl -f show new messages | journalctl /usr/lib/systemd/systemd show all messages by a specific executable | journalctl _PID=1 show all messages by a specific process | journalctl -u man-db.service show all messages by a specific unit | journalctl -k show kernel ring buffer: | journalctl -p err..alert Show only error, critical, and alert priority messages | journalctl SYSLOG_FACILITY=10 show auth.log equivalent by filtering on syslog facility | journalctl --file /var/log/journal/*/system.journal -f force journalctl to look only into most recent journal | journalctl --vacuum-size=100M remove archived journal files until the disk space they use falls below 100M | journalctl --vacuum-time=2weeks make all journal files contain no data older than 2 weeks |
Boot Managementbootctl --path=esp status shows brief information about the system firmware | bootctl --path=esp install installs systemd-boot into the EFI system partition | bootctl --path=esp update updates all installed versions of systemd-boot | bootctl --path=esp remove removes all installed versions of systemd-boot | bootctl --path=esp list shows all available boot loader entries | bootctl --path=esp set-default ID sets the default boot loader entry |
Control Group Managementsystemd-cgls shows the cgroup hierarchy in a pretty tree |
Device Managementudevadm info options devpath query the udev database for device information | udevadm trigger options devpath request device events from the kernel | udevadm settle options watches the udev event queue | udevadm control option modify the internal state of the running udev daemon | udevadm monitor options listens to the kernel uevents | udevadm test options devpath simulate a udev event run for the given device and print debug output |
Coredump Managementcoredumpctl list list core dumps | coredumpctl info show information about core dump | coredumpctl dump extract the core dump | coredumpctl debug invoke debugger on a core dump |
Hostname Managementhostnamectl status show current system hostname and related information | hostnamectl set-hostname name set the system hostname to name |
| | Servicessystemctl list-units --type service list all currently loaded service units | systemctl list-units --type service --all list all loaded service units regardless of their state | systemctl list-unit-files --type service list all available service units to see if they are enabled | systemctl status name.service show detailed information about a service unit | systemctl is-active name.service verify a particular service unit is running | systemctl is-enabled name.service verify a particular service unit is enabled | systemctl list-dependencies --after name.service show units ordered to start before a service unit | systemctl list-dependencies --before name.service show units ordered to start after a service unit | systemctl start name.service start a service unit | systemctl stop name.service stop a service unit | systemctl restart name.service restart a service unit | systemctl try-restart name.service restart a service unit if corresponding service running | systemctl reload name.service reload service unit configuration file | systemctl enable name.service enable service unit | systemctl reenable name.service reenable service unit | systemctl disable name.service disable service unit | systemctl mask name.service mask service unit to prevent from being started | systemctl unmask name.service unmask a service unit | systemctl daemon-reload notify new service file exists | systemd-delta show overridden units |
Localelocalectl status show current status | localectl list-locales list available locales | localectl set-locale LANG=locale set new locale | localectl list-keymaps list available keymaps | localectl set-keymap map set new keymap | localectl set-x11-keymap map set console and x11 keymap | localectl --no-convert set-x11-keymap map set x11 keymap |
Date and Timetimedatectl show current date and time | timedatectl set-time HH:MM:SS change current time | timedatectl set-local-rtc boolean set clock in local time | timedatectl set-time YYYY-MM-DD change current date | timedatectl list-timezones list all available time zones | timedatectl set-timezone time_zone set new timezone | timedatectl set-ntp boolean set or unset NTP service |
Container Managementsystemd-nspawn -b -D /path/to/os/tree run OS in a namespace container | systemd-nspawn -b -D /path/to/os/tree -M machine_name --network-bridge=bridge_name run OS in a namespace container | Ctril+]]] kill the container from inside | machinectl list list currently running containers | machinectl status machine_name show runtime status information about the container | machinectl show machine_name show properties about the container | machinectl start machine_name start container as a system service by the name in /var/lib/machines/ | machinectl login machine_name open an interactive terminal login session in container | machinectl shell opean an interactive shell session in a container | machinectl enable machine_name enable a container as a system service | machinectl disable *machine_name disable a container as a system service | machinectl reboot machine_name reboot a container | machinectl terminate machine_name terminates a container | machinectl kill machine_name send a signal to processes of the container | machinectl bind machine_name host_path container_path bind mounts from the host into the container | machinectl copy-to machine_name host_path container_path copies from the host into a running container | machinectl copy-from machine_name container_path host_path copies from container into the host system |
| | Network Managementnetworkctl list show list of links | networkctl status link show information about specified link | networkctl lldp link show LLDP neighbors | networkctl label show numerical address labels | systemctl start systemd-networkd.service start systemd-networkd daemon | systemctl enable systemd-networkd.service start systemd-networkd daemon at boot |
Domain Name Managementsystemctl start systemd-resolvd.service start systemd-resolved daemon | systemctl enable systemd-resolved.service start systemd-resolved daemon at boot | resolvectl query www.example.com show the address of the www.example.com domain | resolvectl query 8.8.8.8 show the domain of the 8.8.8.8 IP address | resolvectl status link show global and per-link DNS | resolvect statistics show resolver statistics | resolvectl reset-statistics reset the statistics | resolvectl flush-caches flushes all DNS resource record cache | resolvectl reset-server-features flushes all feature resolver learnt | resolvectl dns ... get/set per-interface DNS | resolvectl revert link revert per-interface DNS | ln -sf /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf provide NSS service |
Targetspoweroff.target shut down and power off the system | rescue.target set up rescue shell | multi-user.target set up non graphical multi user system | graphical.target set up graphical multi user system | reboot.target shutdown and reboot the system | systemctl list-units --type target lists currently loaded target units | systemctl list-units --type target --all lists all loaded target units | systemctl isolate name.target changes the current target | systemctl get-default view default target | systemctl set-default name.target set desired target | systemctl isolate name.target change current to desired target | systemctl rescue change current target and enter rescue mode | systemctl --no-wall rescue change current target and enter rescue mode | systemctl emergency change the current target and enter emergency mode | systemctl --no-wall emergency change the current target and enter emergency mode |
Power Managementsystemctl halt halts the system | systemctl poweroff powers off the system | systemctl reboot restarts the system | systemctl suspend suspends the system | systemctl hibernate hibernates the system | systemctl hybrid-sleep hibernates and suspends the system |
Login Managementloginctl list-sessions list current sessions | loginctl session-status id show runtime status information | loginctl show-session id show properties of one or more sessions | loginctl activate id activate a session | loginctl lock-session id activates the screen lock | loginctl unlock-session id deactivates the screen lock | loginctl terminate-session id terminates a session | loginctl kill-session id send a signal to one or more processes of the session | loginctl list-users list currently logged in users | loginctl terminate-user user terminates all sessions of a user | loginctl kill-user user send a signal to all processes of a user | loginctl list-seats list currently available seats on the local system |
D-Bus Managementbusctl list show all peers on the bus, by their service names | busctl status service show process information and credentials of a bus service | busctl monitor service dump messages being exchanged | busctl capture service writes the output in pcap format | busctl tree service shows an object tree of one or more services |
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