Cheatography
https://cheatography.com
MNT Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
What it is
Build up of plaque on artery walls/fatty deposits = blockages occur and oxygen cannot get to the cells = cause of cell death (eg. Heart cells = MI; brain cells = stroke) |
“Absolute CVD risk is the likelihood of a person experiencing a cardiovascular event such as a heart attack, or stroke, within the next 5 years” |
Guidelines & References
2023 AUS Guidelines for Assessing and Management of CVD |
2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice |
SaxInstitute Evidence check: Dietary patterns and cardiovascular Disease Outcomes |
National Vascular Disease Prevention Alliance. Guidelines for the management of absolute cardiovascular disease risk (2012) |
Groups at risk
elderly |
smokers |
Indigenous australians |
low socio-economic |
rural |
Modifiable risk factors
↑ weight |
↑ HTN |
dyslipidaemia |
↓ physical activity |
↓ plant foods |
↑ smoking |
|
|
Intervention
Lipid management - 5 Fs |
Reduction of saturated (<10% EEI [NRVs]) and trans fats (<1% EEI [WHO]); swap for healthy fats and oils |
Restriction of salt intake to ~2000mg sodium or <5g salt/day [+DASH Diet] |
Mediterranean-style diet |
Oily fish “Omega-3”: 2-3 serves/week (250-500mmg marine sourced O-3 [EPA + DHA]/day) |
Maintain healthy weight – encourage, support & advice |
Reduce alcohol consumption <2 standard/day |
Restrict sugar-sweetened beverages |
Bariatric surgery |
Presence of dyslipidaemia secondary to other conditions (eg hypothyroidism), must be excluded before beginning treatment, as treatment of underlying condition may improve hyperlipidaemia. Secondary dyslipidaemias can be caused by: alcohol abuse, DM, Cushing’s syndrome, diseases of the liver and kidneys, and corticosteroids |
Refer
reduce their alcohol intake? |
Alcohol & Other Drugs support service |
stop smoking? |
Social support. Quitline |
Increase PA |
EP |
|
|
Example PESS
Undesirable food choices (NB-7.1), due to not ready to make changes/lack of motivation/lack of support, as evidenced by __ serves of discretionary foods, __g added sugars/fat. |
Excessive energy intake (NI-1.3), due to lack of knowledge on healthy food choices/lack of cooking skills/time poor, as evidence by _____ energy intake (compared to __ requirements), BW, WC, BMI…. |
|
