Cheatography
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Crushing irregular past participles
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
What this cheat sheet is about
In this easy-to-read cheat sheet you are going to find some (and the list will be updated...) of the most used IRREGULAR past participles in the Italian language.
The purpose is to provide a quick reference, hoping that the ease of consultation will also help retain in the memory the "apparently senseless" exceptions in the construction of the past participles.
The different chart also indicates whether the specific verb is going to have AVERE or ESSERE in the passato prossimo. Also in this case I hope that this quick reference will help your memory.
I really hope you will find it of great use! Keep up the good learning of Italian! |
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The most wanted Italian irregular past participles
accendere |
acceso |
to turn on / turned on |
AVERE in the passato prossimo |
aprire |
aperto |
to open / opened |
AVERE in the passato prossimo |
chiEdere |
chiesto |
to ask / asked |
AVERE in the passato prossimo |
chiUdere |
chiuso |
to close / closed |
AVERE in the passato prossimo |
comporre |
composto |
to compose / composed |
AVERE in the passato prossimo |
condurre |
condotto |
to conduce / conduced |
AVERE in the passato prossimo |
decidere |
deciso |
to decide / decided |
AVERE in the passato prossimo |
dire |
detto |
to say / said |
AVERE in the passato prossimo |
fare |
fatto |
to do (to make) / done (made) |
AVERE in the passato prossimo |
leggere |
letto |
to read / read |
AVERE in the passato prossimo |
mettere |
messo |
to put / put |
AVERE in the passato prossimo |
offrire |
offerto |
to offer / offered |
AVERE in the passato prossimo |
perdere |
perso/perduto |
to lose / lost |
AVERE in the passato prossimo |
prendere |
preso |
to take / taken |
AVERE in the passato prossimo |
rispondere |
risposto |
to answer / answered |
AVERE in the passato prossimo |
scrivere |
scritto |
to write / written |
AVERE in the passato prossimo |
spegnere |
spento |
to turn off / turned off |
AVERE in the passato prossimo |
spendere |
speso |
to spend / spent |
AVERE in the passato prossimo |
vedere |
visto/veduto |
to see / seen |
AVERE in the passato prossimo |
vincere |
vinto |
to win / won |
AVERE in the passato prossimo |
produrre |
prodotto |
to produce / prodotto |
AVERE in the passato prossimo |
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The most wanted Italian irregular past participles
cadere |
caduto |
to fall / fallen |
ESSERE in the passato prossimo |
costare |
costato |
to cost / costed |
ESSERE in the passato prossimo |
diventare |
diventato |
to become / become |
ESSERE in the passato prossimo |
entrare |
entrato |
to enter / entered |
ESSERE in the passato prossimo |
essere |
stato |
to be / been |
ESSERE in the passato prossimo |
morire |
morto |
to die / died |
ESSERE in the passato prossimo |
nascere |
nato |
to be born / born |
ESSERE in the passato prossimo |
rimanere |
rimasto |
to remain (stay) / remained (stayed) |
ESSERE in the passato prossimo |
scendere |
sceso |
to do down / gone down |
ESSERE in the passato prossimo |
venire |
venuto |
to come / come |
ESSERE in the passato prossimo |
vivere |
vissuto |
to live / lived |
ESSERE in the passato prossimo |
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