This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Conceptual Questions
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What is the Big Idea? The properties of transitional metals are determined by the splitting of their d-orbitals.
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What is a complex ion? Basically a metal combines with a molecule with a lone pair to form a charged species
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What is a counter ion? Basically a charged molecule that is not apart of the complex ion. Usually denoted by being outside the brackets
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What is a coordination compound? A compound that consist of both counter ions and complex ions
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What is a ligand? A group of molecules that have a lone pair in order to bond to a metal
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What is a chelate? A type of ligand that can bond on a metal in two or more places
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What determines how big of a gap between the split d-orbitals? The strength of the splitting is determined where the ligands lies in the spectrochemical series
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What is the difference between a low spin complex and a high spin one? A high spin complex is the maximum number of unpaired electrons while low spin is the minimum number of unpaired electrons.
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Structural Isomer vs. Stereo isomerism
Structural Isomerism |
Steroisomerism |
same atoms but different bonds |
same bonds different atoms |
Coordination:Ligand in coordination compound changes |
Geometrical: atoms can assume different arrangements |
Linkage:If ligand can bond in more than one place, the point of attachment can change |
Optical:Mirror image is not identical to molecule |
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Ligand Field Theory vs. Crystal Field Theory
Crystal Field Theory |
Ligand Field theory |
Assumes bond is entirely ionic |
Assumes both covalent and ionic properties |
Better than LE Model because it focuses only on the d-orbitals, which gives the metal its properties |
Explains which ligands cause small splitting and which cause large splitting between d-orbitals |
Explains color and magnetic properties |
Closer to pi bond=> weak field |
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Closer to pi antibonding => strong field |
Common Ligand Names
I- |
iodo |
CN- |
cyano |
NH3 |
ammine |
CH3NH2 |
methylamine |
CO |
carbonyl |
NO |
nitrosyl |
F- |
bromo |
Cl- |
chloro |
OH- |
hydroxo |
en |
enthylenediamine |
ox2- |
oxalato |
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