Cheatography
https://cheatography.com
Important theories and scientists
Development of microbiology, soil microbiology, medical microbiology and immunology
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Important contributions
Robert Hooke |
1665 - first drawing of microorganism published in Micrographia |
Anton von Leeuwenhoek |
father of microbiology
1676 - discovers “animalcules” |
Louis Pasteur |
1857 - describes fermentation
1861 - disproves spontaneous generation
1881 - develops anthrax vaccine
1885 - develops rabies vaccine |
Robert Koch |
1876–1877 Koch demonstrates anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis
1881 - cultures bacteria on gelatin
1882 - discovers Mycobacterium tuberculosis
1884 - publish Koch's postulates |
Joseph Lister |
1867 - Lister publishes on antiseptic surgery
- contributed to pure culture technique of bacteria |
Alexander Fleming |
1921 - discover lysozyme
1929 - discover penicillin, first antibiotic |
John Tyndall |
- discovered endospore form of bacteria
- invented Tyndallization |
Edward Jenner |
- discovered smallpox vaccine |
Martinus Beijerinck |
- show role of microbes in cycling of matter
- introduced enrichment cultures
- discovered free living nitrogen fixing bacteria |
Sergei Winogradsky |
- discover chemolithotrophy
- Wingogradsky column |
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History of Classification
Linnaeus 1735 |
2 kingdom - Vegetable and Animal |
Haeckel 1866 |
3 kingdom - Protist, Plant, Animal |
Chatton 1925 |
2 empires - Prokaryote and Eukaryote |
Copeland 1938 |
4 kingdom - Monera, Protista, Plant, Animal |
Whittaker 1969 |
5 kingdom - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plant, Animal |
Carl Woese 1990 |
3 domain - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya |
Cavalier Smith 1998 |
6 kingdom - Bacteria, Protista, Chromista, Fungi, Plant, Animal |
Five Kingdom Concept
Main criteria |
cell type, level of organisation, nutrition type |
Demerits |
1. no distinction b/w archaea and bacteria
2. Protista is highly heterogeneous group
3. Algae distribution unrealistic.
4. Red and brown algae not related to other members of plantae.
5. No place for viruses. |
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Bacterial Taxonomy
Carl Woese |
based on sequencing rRNA |
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