Bash
#!/bin/env bash |
the shebang |
./ file-name.sh |
how to run a bash script |
X="hello" |
set variables |
$X |
use the variable |
exit code |
1 for false, 0 for true |
[ ] |
shorthand for test |
[[ ]] |
better shorthand for test, handles spaces better |
if [[ ]]; then; fi |
basic if-then-exit statement |
if [[ ]]; then; else; fi |
basic if-then-else |
if [[ ]]; then; elif [[ ]]; then; else; fi |
basic if-elif |
$? |
exit code of last run command |
$1, $2 … $9 |
argument 1, arg 2, ... |
env |
see all variables already set |
__ -eq __ |
check if things are equal |
bash -x ____ |
debugger |
for __ in __ ; do; commands; done |
basic for loop, ; indicates new line |
while true; do; commands; done |
while loop |
until true; do; commands; done |
until loop |
break |
exit a loop |
Ownership
chown/chgrp [owner] [file] |
change owner/group |
chmod [u,g,o]+[permission] [file] |
add permissions |
chmod [u,g,o]-[permission] [file] |
remove permission |
[u, g, o] |
user, group, other |
[permission] |
read (r), write (w), execute (x) |
7 |
read, write and execute permissions |
6 |
read and write permissions |
5 |
read and execute permissions |
4 |
read permissions |
3 |
write and execute permissions |
2 |
write permissions |
1 |
execute permissions |
0 |
no permissions |
How We Set Up Samba
sudo dnf install samba |
sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf |
add gloabals |
map archive = no |
map hidden = no |
map read only = no |
map system = no |
store dos attributes = yes |
sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=samba |
open the firewall |
sudo systemctl start smb.service |
sudo systemctl start nmb.service |
sudo systemctl enable smb.service |
sudo systemctl enable nmb.service |
sudo smbpasswd -a [user] |
add the user and give password for samba |
sudo setsebool -P samba_export_all_rw 1 |
need this to let samba run because of a se fedora setting |
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Networking
TCP/IP |
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol |
ping [web address] |
send packets to web address to test connection and speed |
ping -s [number] [address] |
change packet size sent |
traceroute [web address] |
shows route packets take when being sent |
firewall-cmd --remove-port=[port #]/[port type] |
take down firewall for specified port |
firewall-cmd --add-port=[port #]/[port type] |
put up firewall for specified port |
firewall-cmd --add-service=[service] |
some services are recognized by firewall command, use this to let them work |
Secure Shell
ssh [name]@[system name] |
using the secure shell |
scp [dir]/[file] [name]@[system name]: |
copy from local to other system |
scp [name]@[system name]:[dir]/[file] . |
copy from other system to local |
Common Commands
sudo !! |
run previous command as sudo |
man [command] |
for manpages (give info about command) |
mkdir |
make directory |
rmdir |
remove directory |
cp -r [source] [destination] |
copy file recursively |
which [filename] |
gives location of file |
less |
read files and able to scroll through, better than 'more' |
grep |
search text |
cat [filename] |
shows content of file |
head |
shows beginning of file |
tail |
shows end of file |
find . -name *.[pP][dD][fF] |
find file, use -iname for case-insensitive |
history |
give a list of previously entered commands |
![line #] |
(use this with history) run the command from the history on given line |
history | grep [word] |
search history for commands including the word |
script |
record output from entire session |
yes "string" |
repeat string until manually stopped |
cal |
ascii calendar |
date |
gives current date |
^this^that |
run previous command replacing "this" with "that" |
uptime |
show system uptime |
whoami |
display current user name |
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DNF
**dnf ____ [package name] |
____ can be filled with the words below |
update (or upgrade) |
update a package |
install |
install a package |
remove |
remove a package |
Systemctl
systemctl daemon-reload |
Reload systemd manager configuration |
journalctl [service name] |
check the logs of a servide |
systemctl ____ [service name] |
____ can be filled with the words below |
start |
start a system service |
stop |
stop a system service |
status |
check the status of a service |
enable |
let service start on boot |
disable |
make it so service does not start on boot |
Other Info
* |
any character any number of times |
? |
any character one time |
[cC] |
one of these characters |
/etc/skel |
Sample startup files you can place in home directories for new users |
[command] | [command] |
piping |
$ |
regular user |
# |
root user |
~ |
home directory |
nano and vi |
text editors |
& |
run in background |
ctrl+z |
suspend process running |
ctrl+c |
kill process running |
ctrl+s |
stop output to terminal |
ctrl+q |
return from ctrl+s state |
ctrl+a |
go to start of a line |
ctrl+e |
go to end of a line |
ctrl+k |
cut from cursor to end of line |
Git
git clone /path/to/repository |
create copy of git repository |
git add filename |
add file to git repository |
git commit -am "message" |
send the changes to git repository |
git push |
makes the changes to git repository |
Download/Extract
wget [url for file] |
download file |
tar -xzf [file] |
extract tar file |
Directories of Note
/ |
root directory |
/bin |
contains Unix commands |
/boot |
contains files needed to boot the system |
/dev |
device files |
/etc |
contains most configuration files |
/etc/passwd |
contains user information (name, password, id, ...) |
/etc/skel |
sample files for making a new home directory |
/home |
home folder for user |
/lib |
contains files for /bin and /sbin |
/tmp |
location of temporary files for the system |
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