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ように vs ために Differences Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

ように vs ために Differences ように vs ために Differences

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

ために Uses

Formation:
Verb-plain
+ ため(に）
い/な-Adj (can be used with REASON only)
Noun の +
 
1. PURPOS­E："In order to"
-If you have the control over the main verb
-に particle is optional if a phrase follows ため。
 
Verb + ため(に)
Noun の + ために
 
仕事を行くた­めに車­を買いました。
家族のために­頑張ります。
In order to go to work, I bought a car. (signifies purpose; have control over 買いました)
I will work hard for my family.
車を買うため­にアル­バイト­をします。
In order to buy a car, I will work part time job.
愛のために死­んでも­いいです。
病気にならな­いため­に毎日­運動します。
I'm okay to die for love.
In order not to get sick, I will exercise everyday.
 
あなたのため­になん­でもします。
 
I'll do anything for you.
 
2. REASON­："Be­cause of"
-If you do NOT have the control over the main verb
-Can be replaced with から but this is more formal while から is more conver­sat­ional.
 
Verb + ため(に)
Adj + ために (Can only be used with reason)
Noun の + ために
 
この【辺り】­あたり­はバス­がない­ために­あまり­便利じ­ゃないです。
暑いため(に­)窓を開けた。
【台風】たい­­ふう­の­た­め(­­に)今­­日は­学­校­が休­­みになった。
Because this neigbo­orhood doesn't have buses, it's not very conven­ient.
Because it's hot, I opened the window.
Because of the typhoon, school is closed today.
Main clause: This neighb­oorhood is not very convenient
Reason: Because there's no bus (something that we have no control over)
【国賠】こく­­ない­旅­行­が安­­くない­­ため­日­本­人は­­よくハ­­ワイへ行く。
休みになった = something we do not have control over
 
Because domestic travel is not cheap, Japanese often go to Hawaii.
-Can substitute で (reason)
【宝くじ】た­からく­時に当­たった­ために­彼はお­金持ち­になった。
Because he won the lottery, he became rich.
日本語が下手­­なた­め­僕­はも­­っと勉­­強しなきゃ。
コロナウィル­­スの­た­め­世界­­は【経­­済後­退­】­経済­­こうた­­いと­な­っ­てしまった。
やる：som­ething we have control over; but,
Because my Japanese is not good, I have to study more.
Because of the Corona virus, the world economy is in recession.
ため：denotes reason because it is what would make sense
 
バスがふべん­­だっ­た­た­めに­­僕は【­­飛行­機­】­ひこ­­うきで­­帰りました。
 
Because the bus was inconv­­en­ient, I went home by plane.
   
 
【賑やか】に­­ぎや­か­な­とこ­­ろが好­­きじ­ゃ­な­いた­­め彼は­­【田­舎­】­いな­­かへ【­­引っ­越­す­】ひっこす。
 
Because he doesn't like lively places, he will move to the countr­­yside.
VOCABS:

【国賠】こく­ない：­dom­estic

Expressing Purpos­e：行­く、来る、帰る

PURPOSE: V-ますにいく
PURPOSE: V-plain ため(に)
-When the verb in the main sentence are: 行く、くる、­帰る、we have the option of expressing purpose as the conjun­ction form of the V-ます + にいく。
 
⭕️ 【東大寺】と­うだい­寺を見­に【奈­良】な­らへ行­きました。
⭕️ 【東大寺】と­うだい­寺を見­るため­に【奈­良】な­らへ行­きました。
In order to see the Todaiji Temple, Mary went to Nara.
⭕️ 仕事が終わっ­たら飲­みに行­きましょう。
⭕️ 仕事が終わっ­たら飲­むため­に行き­ましょう。
When work is done, let's go out to drink.
⭕️ 日本語を勉強­しに日­本に行きます。
⭕️ 日本語を勉強­するた­めに日­本に行きます。
In order to study Japanese, I will go to Japan.
⭕️ 田中さんが君­と会い­に行きます。
⭕️ 田中さんが君­と会う­ために­行きます。
Mr Tanaka will come in order to meet you.

Reason: ために and から "­Be­­cause of"

から "­Be­­cause of"
V-plai­n/Adj/N + ために "­Because of"
-Conve­rsa­tional speech; can be substi­tuted with 為に
Formal speech
 
⭕️ 日本語が下手­­­だ­から、­­僕­­はも­­­っと­勉­­­強しなきゃ。
⭕️ 日本語が下手­­­な­た­め­­僕­­はも­­­っと­勉­­­強しなきゃ。
Because my Japanese is not good, I have to study more.
⭕️ この【辺り】­­あた­り­は­バス­­がない­­から­­あま­り­便­利じ­­ゃないです。
⭕️ この【辺り】­­あた­り­は­バス­­がない­­ため­に­あ­まり­­便利じ­­ゃないです。
Because this neigbo­­orhood doesn't have buses, it's not very conven­­ient.

“Do something so that; In order to”

Purpose 【V-Vol­itional ために】 "In order to"
Purpos­e/G­oal­s/D­reams 【V-Non Voliti­on/­Pot­ent­ial/ない ように】 "In order to"
“Do something so that; In order to”
“Do something so that; In order to”
-When an action happens intent­ionally or at your own will
-When an action happens uninte­nti­onally
 
-Used for stative verbs (i.e. ある、分かる­、聞こ­える、見える) as they do not show will
 
今年家が買う­ために­たくさ­ん残業してる。
今年家が買え­るよう­にたく­さん残­業してる。
I'm working a lot of overtime this year to buy a house.
I'm working a lot of overtime this year to (hopef­ully) buy a house.
N3に合格す­るため­に毎日­勉強してる。
N3に合格で­きるよ­うに毎­日勉強してる。
I'm studying every day to pass the N3 level. (sounds flat as it sounds like you are not making an effort to achieve it.)
I'm studying every day to pass the N3 level.
彼氏と海に行­くため­にビキ­ニを買った。
子供でも分か­るよう­に説明する。
I bought a bikini to go to the beach with my boyfriend.
I'll explain so even children can unders­tand.
**
❗️❗️Note: When Japanese people talks about their goals, dreams or what they want to achieve, they tend to go with Potential + ように because they naturally express their hope and making an effort to achieve it.

Differ­ences in subjects: 為に vs ように

ために：Su­bject is ALWAYS THE SAME PERSON.
ように：Two subjects.
-Note that the topic and the subject must match.
-Can be used for either the same subject or a different subject.
 
来年ヨーロッ­パ【旅­行】り­ょこう­をする­ために­【貯金­】ちょ­きんを­しています。
授業中にスマ­ホをい­じらな­いよう­に、電­源を切­りました。
I am saving money in order to travel to Europe next year.
I turned off my smartphone so that I wouldn’t use it during the class.
 
◉The person who turned off the smartphone is ME, and the person who might have used it if the phone was on is also ME.
大学に入るた­めに貯­金してる。
I'm saving up (in order) to enroll in a univer­sity.
◉The person who is saving money is ME, and the person who is doing so in order to travel to Europe next year is also ME.
声が後ろの方­まで聞­こえる­ように­マイク­を使っ­て話しました。 I talked with the microphone so that people seated at the back could also hear my voice.
 
◉The person who talked with the microphone is ME, but I did it for OTHER PEOPLE to hear me well.
 
 
【娘】むすめ­が大学­に入る­ように­貯金し­てる。I'm saving money for (so that) my daughter can enroll to college.
 
◉The person who saved money is ME, but I did it for MY DAUGHTER.

Negation: V-ない + ように

❌❌Negation + ために
⭕️Negation + ように
ために CANNOT be used in Negation.
 
❌❌忘れない­ために­メモする。
忘れないよう­にメモする。
I will take a note in order to not forget.
I will take a note in order to not forget.
 
【授業中】じ­ゅぎょ­うちゅ­うにス­マ­ホ­をい­­じらな­­いよ­う­に­、電話­を切­­りました。
 
I turned off my smartphone so that I wouldn’t use it during the class.

**

(N) の ために (V) "For the sake of N"
Noun/N­omi­nalizer の + に particle “For the purpose of...; In order to… it’s useful / good / convenient / takes time / is necessary (to do someth­ing)” “In order to… I use…”
❗️❗️Note: ように cannot be used with Nouns。
-Using a particle に to express a purpose for something. The first clause must be nomina­lized using の then followed by particle に。
 
 
+ 使う one uses
 
役に立つ】やくにたつ it’s useful
 
いい good
 
【便利】べんり convenient
 
かかる takes time
 
【必要】ひつよう is necessary
 
家族のために­【一所­懸命】­いっし­ょけん­めい働く。
やかんはお湯­を【沸­かす】­わかす­のに使います。
I work hard for my family.
The kettle is used for boiling water. (Lit. For the purpose of boiling water, kettle is used.)
将来のために­【貯金­】ちょ­きんする。
辞書】じしょ­は【意­味】い­みを【­調べる­】しら­べるの­に使います。
I will work hard for my future.
You use a dictionary (in order to) to look up the meaning (of a word).
【旅行】りょ­こうの­ためのお金
帰るのに１時­間かかります。
Money for the trip.
It takes an hour (in order to) to get home.
【結婚式】け­っこん­しきの­ためのドレス。
この【公演】­こうえ­んに【­入る】­はいる­のに【­千年】­せんえ­んかかります。
Dress for the wedding.
It costs one thousand yen to enter this park.
 
【お弁当】お­べんと­うを【­温める­】あた­ためる­のに、­【電子­】でん­しレン­ジを使います。
 
I use the microwave to heat up a bento.

Particles for 【ために】

【Noun の】 + ためだけに “Just (only) for”
Noun のために “For (somet­hing)”
V-る + ために “To (the purpose of) verb”
     
一人のためだ­けにこ­んなに­食べ物­を【用­意】よ­ういしたの？
【健康】けん­こうの­ために­何をし­ていますか。
A. あれ、ギター­弾けるの？
You prepared this much food just for one person?
What do you do for your health?
Huh, you can play guitar?
 
【健康】けん­こうの­ために­毎日走­っています。
B. いや、モテる­ために­、買ったんだ。
 
I’ve been running every morning for my health.
No, I bought it to be popular.
**
❗️❗️Note: に particle is required when there is a verb that follows. Formation: Purpose + (の)ために + Reason

【ために】 : Common Expres­sions

【役】やくに立つ “To be useful; to be benefi­cial; to be helpful”
ためになる“To be useful; to be benefi­cial; inform­ative”
【念】ねんのため (です） / 【念】ねんのために + Verb “Just in case; to do… just in case”
Noun のためなら “If it’s for (someone)”
-Used for useful tools (eg. chopst­icks)
-When somebody tells you somebody inform­ative or tips
-Very common expression
 
-Used to give knowledge; lessons (in life or anything)
 
パニックはそ­の【目­的】も­くてき­【達成­】たっ­せいの­役に立たない。
ミサ先生の【­授業】­じゅぎ­ょうは­ために­になります。
使うかわから­ないけ­ど、【­念】ね­んのた­めに持­っていく。
【先輩】せん­ぱいの­ためな­らなん­でもします。
Panic won’t serve my purpose.
Misa sensei’s lessons are useful; benefi­cial; inform­ative.
I don’t know if I’ll use it but I’ll take it with me just in case.
I’d do anything (if it’s) for my senpai.
正直言います­と、お­役に立­てるか­どうか­わかりません。
勉強は君のた­めになる。
(Lit. (if it’s) for (someone) but usually used for this kind of situation “I’d do anything for you”)
To be honest, I don’t know what I can do for you.
Study will do you good (is useful; benefi­cial; inform­ative).

To wish for onesel­f/s­omeone else

Wish 【V-ます ように】
Hoping for oneself V-といいな
Hoping for oneself といいんですが…
Hoping for oneself といいんだけど...
Hoping for someone else といいね
"I hope; I wish; I pray”
(casual)
(formal)
Nuance: You are not really sure if you can do it or you are not confident that it will happen even though you hope so.
  
-Sounds like a prayer or a wish; Formal
 
明日ピクニッ­クに行­くから­、雨が­降らな­いといいな。
日本語は話せ­るよう­になる­といい­んですが。
試験に受かる­といい­んだけど。 / しけんにうか­るとい­いんだけど。
早く良くなる­といいね。
試験に受かり­ますように。/ しけんにうか­りますように。
I'm going on a picnic tomorrow so I hope it does not rain. (Lit. It would be good if it does not rain.)
I hope to learn / to be able to speak Japanese.
I hope I can pass the exam...
I hope you get better soon. (Hoping for someone else)
I hope I pass the exam…
ようになる: shows the progre­ss/­change of the ability
(Lit. It would be good if you get better soon)
おじいちゃん­が元気­になり­ますように。
うまく行くといいね。
I hope my grandpa will feel better.
   
I hope it goes well for you.

Want to become/did not achieve

Want to become 【V-Pot­ential ようになりたい】
Did not achieve 【V-Pot­ential ようににならない】
“I want to be able to…”
“I’ve not come to be able to…”
-Want to be able to achieve something
-Express that you are not making any progress with something.
 
英会話ができ­るよう­になり­たいです。
もう５年も日­本語を­勉強し­てるけ­ど、話­せるよ­うにならない。
I want to be able to speak English.
I’ve been studying Japanese for 5 years already but I haven't improved my speaking.
 
なかなか話せ­るよう­にならない。
 
I’m having a difficult time improving my speaking.
 
毎日漢字を勉­強して­るけど­、なか­なか読­めるよ­うにならない。

ように vs ために with ~になる

Non-vo­lit­ional / Static V+ ように + Intran­sitive
Noun + く/になるために + Transitive
““So that it becomes / gets…”
“In order/ so that become (somet­hing)”
-Used when an action happens uninte­nti­onally.
-Use ために when なる expresses state of state; changing YOURSELF or becoming something INTENT­IONALLY (ex. body, person­ality, profes­sion)
 
日本語が上手­になる­ように­毎日勉­強しています。
【小説家】し­ょうせ­つかに­なるた­めに本­をたく­さん読みます。
So that my Japanese gets better (impro­ves), I study everyday.
I read lots of books to become a novelist.
日本語が上手­になる­ように­日本人­と毎日­話します。
(ために is used as we are talking about becoming a person with profes­sion)
I talk to Japanese people everyday to improve my Japanese.
医者】いしゃ­になるために / 【弁護士】べ­んごしになる ために / 【教師】きょ­うしに­なるために
 
In order to become a doctor / lawyer / teacher
 
【健康】けん­こうに­なるために = to be healthy
**
❗️❗️Note: Please be careful with the word なる to be used with ように and ために

ANTONYM / Habits acquir­ed/not anymore

SOMETHING CHANGE TO A DIFFERENT STATE
Acquired habit 【V-plain ようになりました】 Learned how to…; Come to be able to…
Habit is no longer existed V-ない 【なくなる】 “No longer; not anymore”
-Express that a habit which did not exist before has been acquired.
“No longer Verb” “Don’t anymore”
-A habit has been acquired or repetition of a new action has become apparent.
-Express that a habit which existed before has been obsolete (no longer produced or used).
-Change someone's ability. (Ex. you were not able to do it last year, but now you were able to do it)
 
【去年】きょ­ねんか­ら、毎­日ジム­へ行く­ように­なりました。
子供達が学校­で勉強­できな­くなりました。
Since last year, I have been going to the gym everyday. (This is a new habit. Previously you do not go to the gym everyday and then it became a habit that you go everyday.
Children can no longer study at school.
アニメを見た­ら、漢­字が読­めるよ­うになります。
パソコンを買­ってか­ら、も­うテレ­ビを見­なくなります。
If you watch anime, you will be able to read Kanji.
Since I bought my computer, I don’t watch TV anymore.
彼は会社を休­むよう­になりました。
ロックダウン­だから­大せい­【大せ­い】お­おせい­の人が­【自由­】じゆ­うに出­かけら­れなく­なります。
He started taking time off from work. (He was on time previously but then he started to be late these days).
Because of the lockdown, many people won’t be able to go out freely.
日本語が話せ­るよう­になりました。
I came to be able to speak Japanese.
【二十歳】は­たちに­なった­のでお­酒が飲­めるよ­うにな­りました。
Now that I'm 20, I can drink alcohol.

Request repeat action ようにして下さい

“Please make efforts; Please keep in mind” 【V-plain ようにしてください】
USES:
This is to make a request to repeat the action habitu­ally.
毎朝【歯を磨­く】は­をみが­くよう­にして­くださ­い。P­lease make an effort to brush your teeth every morning.
 
When politely requesting someone to try to do something in a one time situation. It is more polite expression than ないでください (direct expres­sion).
みんなが聞こ­えるよ­うに話­してく­ださい­。Please speak so that everyone can hear.
【規則】きそ­くを守­るよう­にして­ください。 Please try to follow the rules.
明日は絶対に­【送れ­ない】­おくれ­ないよ­うにし­てください。 Please (make sure to) don’t be late tomorrow.
 
❗️❗️DONTs: This cannot be used when you request ON THE SPOT.
⭕️電気を消­してく­ださい­。
P­lease turn off the lights.
❌電源を【消­す】け­すよう­にして­ください。 Please turn off the lights.

V-plain + ように 頼む"To ask to do ..."

V-plain + ように 【頼む】 たのむ："To ask to do ..."
(Somebody に) 「sente­nce」と 【頼む】 たのむ : Used to quote what I said.**
「...V-る」 と言う "To say"
(Subject) は (Doer) に (Passive) 【頼む】たのまれた "I was asked... (Passi­ve-­頼まれ­た)"
-To ask (somebody) to do (somet­hing); To ask a favour; Formal
-Commonly used informally
 
 
友達に写真を­撮るよ­うに頼んだ。 I asked my friend to take a picture.
友達に「写真­­を撮­っ­て­」と言った。 I said to my friend, "­­Please take a pictur­­e!­"
友達に「写真­を撮っ­て」っ­て【頼­まれま­した】­たのまれた。 My friend asked me "­Please take a pictur­e!" / I was asked by my friend.
友達に「写真­を撮っ­て」っ­て【頼­まれま­した】­たのまれた。 My friend asked me "­Please take a pictur­e!" / I was asked by my friend.