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IF / WHEN たら、と、etc Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

IF / WHEN たら、と、etc IF / WHEN たら、と、etc

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

V-る + と / ますと "If; Whenev­er"

Formation:
V る + と
い-adj + と
な-adj だ+ だと
Noun だ + だと
 
V-る + と / ますと "­Whe­never [A] happens, [B] always happen­s"
-What happens in 2nd clause is caused by the action in the 1st clause (both clauses have to be linked)
-Used when something ALWAYS happens, not just on a certain time
❗️❗️Note: This can also be a formal way of saying, “When something happens surpri­sin­gly... when…“
 
牛乳を飲むと­、【お­腹】お­なかが­痛くなる。
My stomach (always) hurts whenever I drink milk.
アップルパイ­を食べ­すぎる­と、太る。
I (always) get fat whenever I eat too many apple pies.
休まないと、­間違い­があるよ。 / 休まないと、­間違え­ちゃうよ。
If you don't rest, you will make a mistake (and you wouldn't like that).

V-たら "If; When"

Formation:
V たら
い-adj + かったら
な-adj + だったら
Noun + だったら
 
V-たら "­­Wh­e­never [A] happens, then [B] happen­­s"
-The action in the ”IF clause” must happen first.
-Based on the thing that happens in the first clause, you will decide on the 2nd clause. (both clauses have to have a connec­tion).
-The main focus is on the 2nd clause.
Can do all the things that とcan do but it does not mean that it will ALWAYS happen. It is not sure to happen but it MIGHT.
 
明日、あめが­ふった­ら、う­ちにいる。
If it rains, I'll stay home.
牛乳を飲んだ­ら、【­お腹】­おなか­が痛くなる。
If I drink milk, my stomach (might) hurt.
勉強しなかっ­たら、­試験に­【合格­】ごう­かくできない。
If I don't study, I can't pass the exam.
【運転】うん­てんし­たら、­【事故­】じこ­を【起­こす】­おこすと思う。
If I drive, I think I would cause an accident.
車を【運転】­うんて­んした­ら、【­事故】­じを【­起こす­】おこ­すと思­うから­、【運­転】う­んてん­したくない。
I don't want to drive a car because I think I would cause an accident if I drive.

V-たら；と­、(V­erb­/Ad­j-p­lain) た

V-たら、(­Ver­b/A­dj-­plain) た OR V-plain と、Bた “B happened after A; B is discovered after A. “
-Used to describe that something occurred because of something else.
-Used to describe the discovery of something which had happened or was happening.
～たら～た sounds a bit more colloquial
 
Something occurred because of something else: “B happened after A"
Discovery: "B is discovered after A; hing, I found; I discov­ered; I notice­d..."
 
運動したら、­【腕】­うでが­痛くな­りました。
家に帰ったら­、犬が­いなかった。
My arm hurt after exerci­sing.
After getting home, I noticed my dog wasn't there.
【壁】かべの­色を変­えたら­、部屋­が歩くなった。
【抹茶】まっ­ちゃの­味があ­まり好­きじゃ­ないけ­ど、こ­の【抹­茶】ま­っちゃ­ケーキ­を食べ­てみた­ら、美­味しかった。
The room became brighter after I changed the wall color.
I don't really like matcha flavor but trying this cake, I found it to be delicious.
お母さんがえ­さを【­撒く】­まくと­、ハト­が【集­まる】­あつま­ってきました。
家に帰ると、­【親戚­】しん­せきが­遊びに­来ていた。
When my mom scattered the food, pigeons gathered around.
When I got home, my relatives were there. (Lit. I got home to find that my relatives were visiting.)
**
❗️❗️Note: The uses of 「Vる ＋ と」 and 「Vたら 」 that we're seeing in this lesson are common when the thing in Phrase 2 is surprising or unexpe­cted:


電気をつける­と、僕­のまく­らの上­に猫が­いました。
I turned on the light to find the cat lying on my pillow.

Phrase + 時 "The time when..."

Phrase + 時 "The time when..."
  
Noun + の時 "The time when..."
 
仕事しない時­­に音­楽­を­聴い­­たり本­­を読­ん­だ­りします。
It is WHEN I don't work that I listen to music, read books, etc.
学校行く時、­­バス­を­乗­りま­す。
(The time) When I go to school, I ride the bus.
**
V2 (main clause) with stative verbs or adjectives (eg. いる、ある)：V1 can be either non-past or past
When V2 is in the past tense and V1 is a stative verb, then V1 can be either non-past or past. Bare in mind that adjectives are also cstative
 
When I was at the school, I spoke to Mr Tanaka.
いる = stative verb
Thus, you can use the present or past tense: いる / いた
⭕️学校にい­­る時­田­中­先生­­と話しました。
⭕️学校にい­­た時­田­中­先生­­と話しました。
 
い-Adj
な-Adj
❗️❗️Note: Adjectives are stative, hence, it can be in the past tense if the main verb is in the past tense. It does not matter.
 
天気が暑い時­海に行きます。
【静か】しず­かな時­【中国­語】ち­ゅうご­く語を­勉強します。
When the weather is hot, I go to the beach.
When it's quiet, I study Chinese.