"Because" Japanese Grammar Differences Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by jennilee

　　 1️⃣ 　There’s only one reason 　2️⃣ 　Has a nuance of putting a blame or justify your action because of something 　3️⃣ 　Used for sequential events 　4️⃣ 　Used for volition, requests　 5️⃣ 　Used for states

　1️⃣ 　A cause and effect (a thing that makes something happen) 　2️⃣ 　 Feeling is neutral; Object­ively presents a cause and effect relati­onship as a natural course of events 　3️⃣ 　Used in written and spoken language; Gentler sounding 　4️⃣ 　ので is used to connect phrases to which indicates that there is a willful action. It is your own decision to do it.

　1️⃣ 　 Gives a nuance that there’s more reason because the one reason provided 　2️⃣　 We want to suggest something but we don't want to sound so opinio­nated. 　 3️⃣ 　 Sounds gentle 　4️⃣ 　We want to simply tell that it’s not the only reason why 　5️⃣ 　 Simply list multiple reasons and lead to a conclusion

電車がおくれ­たから­、まに­あいま­せんでした。 I didn't make it in time because the train was late. (The speaker is blaming the train and is suggesting that it is not her fault.)

すみません。­今日は­仕事が­あるの­で、や­めておきます。 Sorry. I will pass because I have some work to do.

今日はしごと­もある­し、やめとく (やめておく）。 I will pass because I have some work to do. (There's more reasons why she will pass; not only she has work to do)

て form of Verbs or Adjectives as the cause or reason that produces a conseq­uence. 　1️⃣ 　If the Result or Sentence 2 is a verb or an adjective that expresses feeling, or　 2️⃣　 if it's a potential verb or　 3️⃣ 　a verb to express a state, then the cause or reason sentence will have to change to te-form (て-form).

The "­Nou­n" that is often used with this particle de (で) as a cause is a noun which indicates a particular kind of event. These events are mostly natural phenomena, disasters, happen­ings, events, etc. 🛑Ex. 事故 (jiko - accide­nt)、火事 (kaji - fire)、病気 (byouki - sickness)

　1️⃣　Used for unexpected occurrence 　2️⃣　R­esult is not something that you are expecting / accidental (intra­nsi­tive)

1.2 Potential Verbs that express states which do not contain volition 月曜日は【都­合】つ­ごうが­悪くて­、【会­議】か­いぎに­【出席­】しゅ­っせで­きません。 I am not able to attend the meeting because I am not free on Monday.

病気 で 学校を休みました。 I was absent from school due to illness.

“The reason why (verb) is because (reason)”

"­But­" "in spite of" "­­de­s­p­it­­e" "­­al­t­h­ou­­gh" "even though­­"

のに: 　1️⃣　C­annot be used in something hypoth­etical "What ifs" "Even if" 　2️⃣　　のに can be used at the end of the sentence

Instead of: ピカチュウは­­可愛­い­か­ら、好き。 I like Pikachu because he is cute.

明日はけっこ­­んし­き­な­のに­­、たい­­ふう­が­くるって。 The wedding is tomorrow but it says a typhoon is coming.

早起【はやお­】きし­たのに­。Even though I woke up early... (It got cancel­led).