This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Lewis Structures
Electron Geometry = Shape
Molecular Geometry = Geometry
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Concepts
State Function |
Energy, Entropy, Enthalpy |
Extensive Property |
Heat of a reaction |
Intensive Property |
Temperature |
If products are at a higher temp, heat flows out of system |
Q will be negative |
If the volume increases during the reaction, the system does work |
W is negative |
Phase Change |
7 times more energy needed to convert liquid water to steam than ice to liquid water because of hydrogen bonding. Specific Heat capacity for liquid water is higher than that of ice and steam. |
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Concepts
Formation of a bond |
Exothermic |
Breaking of a bond |
Endothermic |
Triple Bond |
strongest but shortest |
Single Bond |
weakest but longest |
Periodic Trend |
As the ions get bigger (down a group) the distance between them does as well and the magnitude of the lattice energy decreases which means that less energy is released when the lattice forms. |
If reaction is reversed, the new equilibrium constant: |
K' = 1/K |
If reaction is multiplied by m, the new equilibrium constant: |
K'' = K^m |
Q<Ksp |
No precipitate; shift right |
Q = Ksp |
Saturated Solution |
Q>Ksp |
Precipitate Formed |
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Lewis Structure Info+Other
B and Be often have fewer than eight electrons |
Period 3 and heavier elements often satisfy, but can exceed the octet rule using their empty d orbitals |
Copper Config [Ar]:4s1 3d10 |
Chromium Config [Ar]: 4s1 3d5 |
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