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Grade 12 Chemistry - Electrochemistry
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Definition
Equilibrium = the point in a chemical reaction where the reactants and the products are formed and broken at the same rate |
Equilibrium Constant (K or Keq) = the numerical value defining the equilibrium law for a system at a given temperature (changes with temperature) |
Vocabulary
Equilibrium = the point in a chemical reaction where the reactants and the products are formed and broken at the same rate |
Dynamic equilibrium = a balance between the forward and backward rates that are occurring simultaneously |
Equilibrium law = mathematical description of a chemical system at equilibrium |
Equilibrium constant (K or Keq) = the numerical value defining the equilibrium law for a system at a given temperature (changes with temperature) |
Heterogeneous equilibrium = products and reactants are in at least 2 different states; pure solids/liquids are not included in Keq formula |
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Variables Affecting Chemical Equilibrium
Le Châtelier's Principle: When a chemical system at equilibrium is disturbed by a change in property, the system responds in a way that opposes the change |
Concentration/Temperature |
[conc]/T = shift to consume |
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[conc]/T = shift to replace |
If you add more reactant/heat to a system, the system will consume it to make more product, and vice versa |
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The Reaction Quotient
Represented by the variable "Q" |
Helps to determine the position of the equilibrium of a system using therate law for the system and comparing it with the Keq |
If Q < Keq |
[products] < [reactants] Reaction has not reached ⇌ yet; reaction needs to shift right |
If Q = Keq |
[products] = [reactants] Reaction has not reached equilibrium yet; no shift will occur |
If Q > Keq |
[products] > [reactants] Reaction has not reached ⇌ yet; reaction needs to shift left |
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