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Strings [immut­able, iterable]

string = "­hello world"
"­hello world"
 
string = "­hello world".c­ap­ita­lize()
"­Hello world"
 
string = "­Hello World".l­ower()
"­hello world"
 
string = "­Hello World".u­pper()
"­HELLO WORLD"
 
string = "­hello world".t­itle()
"­Hello Word"
 
string = "­Hello wOrld".s­wa­pcase()
"­hELLO WoRLD"
 
string = "­ß".c­ase­fold()
"­ss"
 
.casef­old()
is a more aggressive 
.lower()
used for string compar­isons.
 
int = "­abaaba ababa".c­ou­nt(­"­aba­")
3
"­aba­ba" is counted to have 1 "­aba­"
 
int = "­aca­dac­ad".f­in­d("c­ad")
1
 
int = "­aca­dac­ad".r­fi­nd(­"­cad­")
5
 
string.find(value, start, end)
finds the first occurrence of the value after start before end.
 
str.find(str2) == str.index(str2)
, except for when str2 isn't found 
.find()
returns 0 while 
.index()
throws an error
 
string = "ab ab aa ab ab".r­ep­lac­e("a­b", "­x", 3)
"x x aa x ab"
 
str.replace(oldvalue, newvalue, count)
replaces count of oldvalues in the string with newvalues. Default count is alll.
 
str.format() == f'str' 
bool = "­_,_._b­an_­ana­__..,".s­tr­ip(­"­_,."­)
"­ban­_an­a"
 
bool = "­_,_._b­an_­ana­__..,".l­st­rip­("_,.")
"­ban­_an­a__..,­"
 
bool = "­_,_._b­an_­ana­__..,".r­st­rip­("_,.")
"­ban­_an­a__..,­"
 
string = "­hel­lo".c­en­ter(10, '.')
"..h­ell­o..."
 
str.center(int, char)
returns a string of int charac­ters, with string in the middle and chars on the front and the end.
 
bool = "­ab".i­sa­lpha()
True
 
bool = "­a1".i­sa­lnum()
True
 
bool = "­-12­".is­num­eric()
False
 
bool = "­1.2­".is­digit()
False
 
bool = "­aba­".en­dsw­ith­("ba­")
True
 
bool = "­aba­".st­art­swi­th(­"­ab")
True
 
bool = "­a12­".is­lower()
True
 
bool = "­A12­".is­upper()
True
`list = "­Master Lorder­n".s­pli­t("e­r")
['Mast', ' Lord', 'n']
 
string = "­-10.2".z­fi­ll(7)
"­-00­10.2­"
 
.zfill()
fills the beginning of the string with zeroes until the specified amount of characters are taken up, -, + and . included. Unlike .rjust(), .zfill() puts 0s after - and + signs.
 
string = "­hello world".t­itle()
"­Hello Word"
 
string = "­Hello wOrld".s­wa­pcase()
"­hELLO WoRLD"
 
string = "­hello world"[2:7]
string slicing
"llo w"
All string methods return a new string without mutating the original string

Lists [mutable, iterable]

list = []
[]
list = list()
[]
 
list = [1, 2, 3]
[1, 2, 3]
 
list.a­ppe­nd(4)
[1, 2, 3, 4]
 
list.i­nse­rt(1, 8)
[1, 8, 2, 3, 4]
 
list.i­nsert(ind, elem)
inserts elem at position ind
 
list.e­xte­nd([8, 9, 1, 4, 3])
[1, 8, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 1, 4, 3]
 
list.e­xtend(<it­era­ble>)
extends the list by the elements of the iterable
 
list.pop()
[1, 8, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 1, 3]
 
list.p­op(0)
[8, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 1, 3]
 
list.pop(ind)
pops the element at position ind
 
list.r­emo­ve(8)
[2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 1, 3]
 
list.r­emove(elem)
removes the first instance of elem
 
list.i­ndex(3)
1
 
list.i­ndex(elem)
returns the index of the first elem
 
list.i­ndex()
does not mutate the original list
 
list.c­ount(3)
2
 
list.c­ount(elem)
returns the count of elements with value elem
 
list.c­ount()
does not mutate the original list
 
list.s­ort()
[1, 2, 3, 3, 4 ,8, 9]
 
list.s­ort()
cannot sort int against str
 
list.r­eve­rse()
[9, 8, 4, 3, 3, 2, 1]
list slicing: 
list2 = list[1:5]
[8, 4, 3, 3]
 
list2 = list.c­opy()
list2 is [9, 8, 4, 3, 3, 2, 1]
list slicing or 
list.c­opy()
do not mutate the original list, and create shallow copies.
 
list.c­lear()
[]

Tuples [immut­able, iterable]

tuple = ()
 
int = ("a", "­a", "­ab").co­unt­('a')
2
 
int = ("a", "­a", "­ab").in­dex­('a')
0
 
.index()
returns the position of the first instance

Dictio­naries [mutable, iterable]

dictionary = {}
{}
 
dictionary = dict()
{}
 
dictionary = {key1: value1, key2: value2}
{key1: value1, key2: value2}
 
dictio­nar­y["s­tr1­"] = "­str­2"
{key1: value1, key2: value2, 'str1': 'str2'}
 
dictio­nar­y.p­op(­'str1')
{key1: value1, key2: value2}
 
dictio­nar­y.p­opi­tem()
{key1: value1}
 
.popitem()
removes the last added element
dictio­nary2 = {key2: value2}
dictio­nar­y.u­pda­te(­dic­tio­nary2)
{key1: value1, key2: value2}
.update(dict) updates the dictionary with the key:value pairs of dict. In case of a conflict, dict is priori­tized.
 
list = dictio­nar­y.k­eys()
[key1, key2]
 
list = dictio­nar­y.v­alues()
[value1, value2]
 
list = dictio­nar­y.i­tems()
[(key1, value1), (key2, value2)]
 
.items()
returns a list of tuples
 
something = dictio­nar­y.get(keyname, value)
if keyname in a dictionary does not exist as a key, value is returned.
 
dictio­nary2 = dictio­nar­y.c­opy()
{key1: value1, key2: value2}
 
dictio­nar­y.c­lear()
{}

Functions

def function(parameter1, parameter2 = defaul­tvalue):

    <so­met­hin­g>

    return value


function(argument1, argument2)
 

Metadata

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  • Published: 19th November, 2023

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