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BIOCHEMISTRY VA BIOLOGY SOL Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

Water and Biochemistry

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

PROPERTIES OF WATER

POLARIY
- Water has positive and negative "ends
- This properties allows cohesion, adhesion, surface tension
Adhesion
- ability of water to stick to other molecules
Cohesion
- ability of water to stick to itself (other water molecules)
High Specific Heat
- ability of water to resist temper­ature change
Surface Tension
- the tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer.
Water is a UNIVERSAL SOLVENT
-Water is capable of dissolving a variety of different substances
Capillary Action
- is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of, or even in opposition to gravity
Water's abilities are due to its polarity creating hydrogen bonds

Water Molecule

Notice that the Oxygen is Negative and the Hydrogens are Positive

Reactions

Vocabulary

Solutes
the minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent.
Solvents
the liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution.
Solution
a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distri­buted within the major component (the solvent).
 

Why is this important for the real world?

The properties of water make it suitable for organisms to survive in during differing weather condit­ions.
Ice freezes as it expands, which explains why ice is able to float on liquid water.
During the winter when lakes begin to freeze, the surface of the water freezes and then moves down toward deeper water; this explains why people can ice skate on or fall through a frozen lake.
If ice was not able to float, the lake would freeze from the bottom up killing all ecosystems living in the lake.
However ice floats, so the fish are able to survive under the surface of the ice during the winter.
The surface of ice above a lake also shields lakes from the cold temper­ature outside and insulates the water beneath it, allowing the lake under the frozen ice to stay liquid and maintain a temper­ature adequate for the ecosystems living in the lake to survive.

Enzymes - ASE

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalyst to speed up chemical reactions

Enzyme Structure

Enzyme Graph

 

Bioche­mistry

All ORGANIC compounds must contain Carbon (C).

The MACROM­OLE­CULES

CARBOH­YDRATES
C H O
ends in -OSE
Monomer - Monosa­cch­aride (Glucose)
Polymer - Polysa­cch­aride (Starch)
Main source of fast energy
PROTEINS
C H O N
Monomer - Amino Acids
Polymer - Polype­ptides
Used for structure, to trasnport things in/out of cell and as a catalyst to speed up reactions - enzyme
LIPIDS (Fats)
C H O
Monomer - Fatty Acids
Used to store energy, create insulation and water proofing, in membranes, hydrop­hobic
Fats, Oils Waxes
NUCLEIC ACIDS
C H O N P
Monomer - NUCLEO­TIDES
DNA and RNA
Stores and transmits genetic inform­ation

Carboh­ydrate

Proteins

Lipids

Nucleic Acids