Vocabulary
Variable |
Holds a value and can be change |
String |
a list of characters such as numbers, letters, symbols |
Integer number |
Whole number/counting number |
Float number |
Number in decimal |
Syntax |
Grammar/Structure of language |
Boolean |
True/False |
length |
the length of the string |
Function
Print() |
Show information that you want on screen |
Int() |
Change number to be number integer |
input() |
receives info from the user |
str() |
converts the value to a string |
float() |
converts the value to a floating point |
len() |
The length of the string |
# |
comment,no effect |
''' |
Multi-line comment |
Multiplication and Exponents
string * number |
stringsting...(number) |
string* string |
Fail!! |
number * number |
Multiply |
string ** string |
Fail!! |
number ** number |
Exponent |
string ** number |
Fail!! |
Convert to Binary String
user_number = ' '
while user_name != ' '
user_number = input("Enter a number to convert to binary")
number = int(user_number)
binary_string = ' '
while (number > 0)
remainder = number%2
binary_string = str(remainder)+binary_string
number = number//2
print ("Binary string is", binary_string)
Simple Function
def printdefinitions(word):
if word == ("variable"):
print ("""A variable is the value that can change""")
elif word == ("function"):
print ("""A function is the blog of code that can be reused""")
elif word == ("parameter"):
print ("""A parameter is something given to the function""")
elif word == ("agrument"):
print ("""An agrument is something given to the function""")
elif word == ("string"):
print ("""A string is a lsit of characters""")
elif word == ("function call"):
print ("""A function call makes your function run""")
else:
print ("Unknown word")
return
while True: #keep the loop go forever
user_input = input("Enter word: ")
printdefinitions(user_input)
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Simple Function
def printdefinitions(word):
if word == ("variable"):
print ("""A variable is the value that can change""")
elif word == ("function"):
print ("""A function is the blog of code that can be reused""")
elif word == ("parameter"):
print ("""A parameter is something given to the function""")
elif word == ("agrument"):
print ("""An agrument is something given to the function""")
elif word == ("string"):
print ("""A string is a lsit of characters""")
elif word == ("function call"):
print ("""A function call makes your function run""")
else:
print ("Unknown word")
return
while True: #keep the loop go forever
user_input = input("Enter word: ")
printdefinitions(user_input)
Enter word: hello
Unknown word
Enter word: function
A function is the blog of code that can be reused
Enter word: variable
A variable is the value that can change
Enter word:
area/volume of
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Symbols
== |
equal to |
!= |
not equal to |
< |
less than |
<= |
less than or equal to |
> |
greater than |
>= |
greater than or equal to |
+ |
add |
- |
subtract |
* |
multiply |
/ |
divide and quotient is float |
// |
divide and quotient is integer |
** |
exponent |
% |
modulo: the remainder |
Addition
string + string |
combine together |
string + number |
Fail |
number + number |
plus |
number - number |
minus |
Sample code
mystr = "hellp THERE"
print (mystr.upper()) -all letters will become big HELP THREE
print (mystr.lower()) -all letters will become small help three
print (mystr.capitalize()) -First letter of first word will become big Help three
print (mystr.title())- first letter of each words will become big Help Three
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Example
Print (2) – integer
Print (2.5) – floating point
Print (“Hello”) – string
Print (mystr) – variable
Print (mystr,”Hi”,2,1.0) -- commas
mystr = “Hi”
mystr ← name
“Hi” ← value can change
print (int(1.5)) → 1
print (int(“2”)) → 2
print (float(1)) → 1.0 anything to a float
Modulo/Remainder %
print (4%2) → 0
print (30%7) → 2
Area of the circle
def areaOfCircle(r):
pi = 3.1415
area = pir*2
return area
user_radius = float (input("Enter the radius: "))
print ('The area of the circle is',areaOfCircle(user_radius))
MaxValue
def max2(num1,num2):
maxvalue = num1
if num2 > maxvalue:
maxvalue = num2
return maxvalue
print (max2(4,5))
print (max2(33,5))
def max3(num1,num2,num3):
maxvalue = num1
if num2 > maxvalue:
maxvalue = num2
if num3 > maxvalue:
maxvalue = num3
return maxvalue
print (max3(1,2,3))
5
33
3
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Maxlist
def maxlist(list):
maxvalue = list[0]
for item in list:
if item > maxvalue:
maxvalue = item
return maxvalue
mylist = [1,2,3,4,55,66,777,0,1]
print(maxlist(mylist))
777
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Naming Conventions
Rule for giving name
-letter
-numbers
-underscore_
Valid name
- _myStr
- my3
- Hello_there
Invalid name
- 3my="hi" -- cannot start with number
- first name = "hi"
- first-name
- first+name
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Capital letter
name = "tim GIRARD"
print (name.upper()) → TIM GIRARD
print (name.lower()) → tim girard
print (name.capitalize()) → Tim girard
print (name.title()) → Tim Girard
circle area
def areaofcircle(radius):
if radius <= 0:
return "Error: invalid raadius"
pi = 3.1415
area = pi (radius*2)
return area
user_radius = float(input("Enter the radius: "))
print('The area of the circle is', areaofcircle(user_radius))
Enter the radius: 2
The area of the circle is 12.566
Enter the radius: 0
The area of the circle is Error: invalid raadius
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Countdown Number
user_number = input("Please enter the number")
number = int(user_number)
countdown_string = ""
while number>0:
countdown_string = countdown_string + str(number)
number = number - 1
print (countdown_string)
Palindrome
def isPalindrome(word):
reverse = ""
letter_num=0
while letter_num<len(user_input):
reverse = user_input[letter_num]+reverse
letter_num = letter_num+1
if reverse==word:
return True
else:
return False
while True :
user_input = input("Enter a word")
if user_input == "quit":
break
isPal = isPalindrome(user_input)
if isPal == True:
print (user_input,'is parindorm')
else:
print (user_input,'is not parindorm')
break
Enter a word113311
113311 is parindorm
Enter a word123
123 is not parindorm
Enter a wordquit
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Short word per line
mystr = "Hello"
letter_num = 0
while letter_num < len(mystr):
print (mystr[letter_num])
letter_num = letter_num + 1
H
e
l
l
o
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Basic Function
def myprint(text):
print ("" + str(text) + "")
return
myprint("opal")
hello it's bacon
opal
def myprintnew(text, decoration):
print (decoration + str(text) + decoration)
return
myprintnew("opal", "m")
hello it's bacon
opal
mopalm
def doubleit(number):
return number * 2
print (doubleit(3))
print (doubleit(doubleit(4)))
hello it's bacon
opal
mopalm
6
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