This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Phrasal Verbs
brings out |
cheers up |
do without |
turn down |
put down |
hang on to |
drift apart |
Gerunds and Infinitives
Verbs Followed by a Gerund |
Verbs followed by an Infinitive |
Followed by Either |
appreciate |
ask |
begin |
consider |
decide |
bother |
enjoy |
expect |
continue |
give up |
intend |
hate |
keep |
need |
prefer |
put off |
refuse |
start |
suggest |
seem |
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tend |
Cleft Sentences with WHAT
A nice car is what I really want. |
What I notice first are a person's eyes. |
So... that, Such...that
Such |
So |
talking about a noun |
talking about an adjective |
It was such a good movie that I saw it 3 times. |
It was so beautiful that I bought it. |
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Verb Patterns
verb + infinitive
I tend to buy clothes often. |
verb + object + infinitive
I like shopping. |
verb + gerund
They inspire me to change. |
verb + object + preposition + gerund
Traffic prevents me from coming to school. |
Indefinite & Definite Articles
a or an |
the |
the noun is countable and singular. |
a specific thing that has already been mentioned. |
-ing cluases
Two actions at the same time: |
Sitting on my bed, I did my homework. |
One action before another: |
Having eaten my breakfast, I got ready for work. |
Reasons |
Being sick, I stayed home. |
We use -ing clauses to express 2 ideas at once.
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Reporting Cluases
Formal |
Controversial |
argue |
admit |
assert |
claim |
report |
agree |
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believe |
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doubt |
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explain |
Reporting Clauses in the Passive
It was explained that ... |
It is said that... |
It is believed that... |
Sentence Adverbs
Certainly |
Less Certainty |
Possibility |
Honestly |
clearly |
apparently |
potentially |
frankly |
definitely |
seemingly |
probably |
seriously |
obviously |
supposedly |
unquestioningly |
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