Proving the Divorce
Only 1 ground for divorce - irretrivable breakdown of marriage |
s95(3) of the Women's Charter has 5 facts that amount to an irretrivable breakdown of marriage |
Adultery |
Unreasonable behaviour |
2 Years Desertion |
Separation |
Defendant has committed adultery and plaintiff finds it intolerable to live with defendant |
Defendant behaves in a way that Plaintiff cannot reasonably be expected to live with Defendant |
Defendant deserted Plaintiff for a continuous period of at least 2 yrs immediately preceding the filing of Writ |
Either lived apart for at least 3 years with Defendant's consent to judgment being granted |
If plaintiff lives with Defendant for >6 months, adultery will not work |
If live with >6 months wont work |
Defendant's intention must be proven |
or lived apart for at least 4 years without consent |
If adulterer is named, he/she must be a party to the proceedings |
Objective test |
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must be continuous |
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Stage 1 - Resolution of Divorce
1. Plaintiff files requisite court documents
2. Plaintiff serves court documents on parties
3. Defendant files court documents
4. Defendant serves court documents on parties
5. Set down for hearing on dissolution of marriage
6. Court decides on dissolution of marriage – Interim Judgment granted, made final in 3 months (Final Judgment) |
1. Plaintiff files requisite court documents
-Writ of Divorce
- Rule 54(4) Appearance - 8 / 21 days
- Rule 56 (1) Defence - 14 days
- Rule 56 (9) Proposed parenting plan - 14 days
- Rule 56 (10) Proposed Matrimonial property plan - 14 days
-Statement of Claim
-Statement of Particulars
-Notice of Proceedings (Co-defendant)
-Agreed/Proposed Parenting Plan
-Agreed/Proposed matrimonial property plan & Particulars of Arrangements for Housing (HDB) |
2. Plaintiff serves court documents
- Service of writ to defendant/ co-defendant - Personally or registered post with everything else |
3 & 4. Defendant files and serves Court Documents
- Defendant has to file Memorandum of appearance (decided on whether to contest divorce)
- 22 days after receipt to complete agreement to Proposed Parenting plan and return it to Plaintiff OR file to court and serve on Plaintiff Proposed parenting plan (by defendant)
- 14 days after CPF replies standard query, sign agreement to proposed Matrim¬onial property and return to plaintiff or file to court and serve on plaintiff defend¬ant's proposed matrimonial property plan |
5&6. Setdown and Judgment of Dissolution
- Plaintiff must set action down for hearing: 2 types, contested and uncont¬ested
- 14 days after expiry of time for filing last pleading
- If uncont¬ested:
- In open court, attendance can be dispensed
- if court is satisfied, interim judgment to be made Final in 3 months
- If parties agree on ancillary matters, consent order can be recorded at interim judgment
- If contested:
- fixed pre-trial conference
- Parties will be sent for mediation or counse¬lling if settlement is possible
- Hearing in open court
- If marriage broken down irretr¬iev¬ably, interim judgment. |
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Resolution of Ancillary matters
Division of Matrimonial Assets |
Custody, care and control of Child |
Assessment of Maintenance of Child and Wife |
Division of matrimonial assets
S112(10) of Women's Charter
(a) any asset acquired before the marriage by one party or both parties to the marriage —
(i) ordinarily used or enjoyed by both parties or one or more of their children while the parties are residing together for shelter or transportation or for household, education, recreational, social or aesthetic purposes; or
(ii) which has been substantially improved during the marriage by the other party or by both parties to the marriage; and
(b) any other asset of any nature acquired during the marriage by one party or both parties to the marriage, but does not include any asset (not being a matrimonial home) that has been acquired by one party at any time by gift or inheritance and that has not been substantially improved during the marriage by the other party or by both parties to the marriage. |
Custody, Care and control of Children
Sections 122 - 126 of Women’s Charter
Paramount consideration to be the welfare of the child
Section 125 Women’s Charter
(1) The court may at any time by order place a child in the custody of his or her father or his or her mother or of any other relative of the child or of any organisation or association the objects of which include child welfare, or of any other suitable person.
(2) In deciding in whose custody a child should be placed, the paramount consideration shall be the welfare of the child and subject to this, the court shall have regard —
(a) to the wishes of the parents of the child; and
(b) to the wishes of the child, where he or she is of an age to express an independent opinion. |
Assessment of Maintenance of Child
Section 127 of Women’s Charter
127. —(1) During the pendency of any matrimonial proceedings or when granting or at any time subsequent to the grant of a judgment of divorce, judicial separation or nullity of marriage, the court may order a parent to pay maintenance for the benefit of his child in such manner as the court thinks fit. |
Assessment of Maintenance of Wife
(a) the income, earning capacity, property;
(b) the financial needs, obligations and responsibilities of both parties;
(c) the standard of living enjoyed by the family before the breakdowne;
(d) the age of each party and the duration of the marriage;
(e) any physical or mental disability of either of the parties;
(f) the contributions made by each of the parties to the welfare of the family;
(2) in the financial position in which they would have been if the marriage had not broken down
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Stage 2
1. Filing and exchange of affidavits on ancillary matters
2. Court hears parties on ancillary matters and makes orders
3. Making Interim Judgment Final |
Exchange of affidavits on ancillary matters
Pre Trial Conference to set dates for exchange of affidavits on ancillary matters and date of hearing
Rule 89 FJR and Para 21 FJCPD
Parties file and exchange Affidavit of Assets and Means
Form 206
ALL assets should be disclosed
Exchange of reply affidavits (total up to 2 rounds w/o leave of Court) |
2. Court makes orders on ancillary matters
S 3 FJA : Family Justice Courts comprises Family Division of High Court
S 26(4) FJA : the Chief Justice may by order published in the Gazette direct that any class or description of family proceedings … shall be heard and determined by the Family Division of the High Court.
Family Justice Court seminar on 22 October 2015 :
Gross value S$5M
Novel point of law
Application by way of Summons for Transfer
Rule 81(2) : Ancillary matters heard in Chambers
Powers of Court:
Section 112 Women’s Charter – Power of Court to Order Division of Matrimonial Assets
Section 113 Women’s Charter– Power of Court to Order Maintenance for Wife
Sections 123 & 124 Women’s Charter– Power of Court to Order Arrangements for Welfare of the Child
Section 127 Women’s Charter– Power of Court to Order Maintenance for Children |
Making Interim Judgment Final
Interim Judgment can be made Final no less than 3 months by submitting application to make IJ final
After Ancillary Matters order made
Not after the expiration of 1 year after IJ
Registrar will cause a search to ensure :
No appeal is pending
No extension of time for appeal
No appearance/affidavit to show cause against IJ
Final Judgment (Form 33):
Issued by the Court
Conclusion of all Court proceedings
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