Alcohol
Absorption |
Ethanol is absorbed in small intestine and metabolised in liver |
Metabolisation factors |
Gender, body fat, liver size, amount of metobilitic enzymes |
Metabolism slide |
Beer composition
Water |
Beer is 93% water, which counters dehydration |
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Also helps with uric acid -> kidnet stones |
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Helps mineral balance |
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Better water to calories ratio |
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Low alcohol (free) beer is isotinic (have same tension) |
Water numbers |
1 g of alchol -> 10ml urine excretion |
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Alcohol makes you pee more by supression of vassopressin, which is hormone that reuptakes water |
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Dehydration -> hangovers |
Net water intake |
330ml beer -> 191 ml |
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125ml wine -> -11 |
Health benifits |
Less kidney stones (40% risk reduciton) |
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Beer after exercise does not decrease water uptake |
Calorie counts and exercise
Beer |
12 oz = 150 kcal, alcfree 100 kcal |
Red wine |
125 kcal (antiinflammatory) |
Pina Colada |
6 oz = 460 kcal |
Margarita |
280 kcal |
100 kcal is |
Casual biking: 23 min |
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LIfting weights: 15 mins |
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Pilates: 24 mins |
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Swimming: 15 mins moderate intensity |
Nutrients II
Major nutrients |
readily available carbohydrates: 10 - 60 g/litre as dextrins |
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little free sugars: < 5 g/litre – typical lager = 1 g/litre |
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Fibre: 1 beer contains 3-6% of the daily requirement for fibre |
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no fat |
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protein as small peptides – 2 - 6 g/litre |
Trace nutrients |
vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, other hop compunds |
Vitamins |
Cereals good for B vitamins, malting increases B9 and B6 (spouting), B2 from yeast |
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Beer is more vitamin rich than beer |
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Too high levels of homocysteine = heart disease, increase in level of homocysteine after wine and spirits consumption, but not for beer |
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Lots of potassium and magnesium in beer |
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lots of silicon in beer, which is not readily available anymore in water |
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antioxidants in beer help against free radicals that can start cancers |
Polyphenols |
positive: beer taste and aging stability, health |
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negatives: haze (together with proteins), astringent bitterness |
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beer < white wine < red wine, beer has way less |
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shown to protect LDLs from oxidation |
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Health
Harmful effects |
Accidents, brain degeneration, hepatits, cancer, stroke |
Amount pr week |
7 for women, 14 for men, stop before 5 on one occasion |
Most consumed alcohol |
Wine, then beer |
Habits |
Beer drinkers were generally more unhealthy compared to wine drinkers |
Beer vs wine |
Higher drinking frequency, shorter education, lower income, more men, more smoking, lower exercise, less healthy diet |
Calculation of BAC
Formula |
C=A/(p*r) |
C |
BAC |
A |
Alcohol intake in grams |
p |
body weight in kg |
r |
distribution or reduciton factor |
Calculation of decrease in BAC
Formula |
C_t = C_0 - k * t |
C_t |
current BAC in promille |
C_0 |
legal BAC in promille |
k |
individual factor, ca 1/400 |
t |
time in minutes |
rule of thumb |
bac decreases 0.15 bac/hr |
Exercise slides for examples |
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Effects of alcohol consumption
2-4 drinks (men) 1-2 (women) |
mortality protection of 18% |
Jshaped curve |
Risk goes down with moderation, goes up with excessive use |
HDL and LDL |
High density lipoprotein up with alcohol (good cholesterol) |
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LDL down with alcohol (bad cholesterol) |
diabetes in moderate drinkers |
30% reduced risk of diabetes |
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alcohol is anti-inflammatory |
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enhanced insulin sensitivity with lower plasma insulin concentrations (risk factor for diabetes) |
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partly due to lower average weight of drinkers (obesity is a risk factor for diabetes) |
Cognotive function |
Alcohol decreases arteriosclerosis in brain vessels, Protective antioxidative effects of polyphenols on cerebral cells (both good) |
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“regular consumers of alcohol had a significantly lower risk of Alzheimer’s compared to non-drinkers”, protection was 50% for moderate drinkers |
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1-6 drinks/week associated with lower risk of dementia in ≥ 65year adults, 20% reduction in dementia risk for moderates |
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Alcohol triggers release of dopamine, a hormone, which plays a major role in reward-motivated behavior |
Osteoporosis |
“a positive association between alcohol intake and bone mineral density in older women has been reported in the original Framingham Osteoporosis Study“ |
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Suppression of gradual bone loss that increases with age, called resorption, Positive effect of silicon on bone formation |
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Moderate consumption of alcohol may be beneficial to bone mineral density in men and postmenopausal women. The tendency toward stronger associations between BMD and beer or wine, relative to liquor, suggests that constituents other than ethanol may contribute to bone health. |
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