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Linux commands for beginners Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

A quick entry point to do some tricks on Linux.

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Tree exloration

Go inside a directory
 
cd /a/dir­ect­roy­/name
List directory elements
 
ls -lrt
Print current directory
 
pwd
List 10 biggers direct­ories
 
du -sh * | sort -h | tail
Find ksh scripts containing a pattern
 
grep -R pattern . --include=*.ksh
Find all files older than 3 days
 
find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -mtime +2

Process inform­ation

List the process tree of a user
 
ps --forest -fu user
Check if a script is running
 
pgrep -af script_name

File display

Print all the content file
 
cat file
Print the first 20 lines
 
head -20 file
Print the last 30 lines
 
tail -30 file
Print the last lines as the file grows
 
tail -f file
Print the line number of a file
 
wc -l < file
 

File manipu­lation

Move a file from dir1 to dir2
 
mv /dir1/file /dir2/
Rename a file
 
mv file_name new_fi­le_name
Add execution permission for the user
 
chmod u+x file

File manipu­lation in row

Split one line into several lines of a fixed size
 
echo "abcde" | fold -c3
Union of file1 and file2
 
cat file1 file2
Inters­ection of file1 with file2
 
grep -Ff file2 file1
Exclusion of file2 from file1
 
grep -Fvf file2 file1

File manipu­lation in column

Append a string at each start of line
 
sed "­s/^­/st­art­/" file
Append a string at each end of line
 
sed "­s/$­/en­d/" file
Print columns 2 and 4 of a csv file
 
cut -d";" -f2,4 file.csv
Concat­enate two files in column
 
paste -d";­" file1 file2