... Cheat Sheet

nature of traditional society and culture

- Families adhere to a patriarchal ideology

- Endorsed trad gender roles

- Traditionalist/collectivist based

- Family is extended - extended families often live in close living quarters

- Trad culture is fleeting as a result of westernisation and industrialisation

- Core religion is Hinduism

- Caste system is existent but the ties in-between are not as strong due to technology replacing trad roles

- Each caste has its own customs, traditions, practices and rituals etc

nature of power and authority

- A Republic with a president (advised by PM and a head of council
- Males have more power than women	(control their families, husband/brothers>wife/daughters)
- Women have little to no power (lack of education)	1/100 GIRLS REACH GRADE 12 IN RURAL INDIA
- Hinduism holds most religious power	800+MILLION FOLLOWERS OR 83% OF POP
- Higher castes hold more power than lower castes
- Untouchables have absolutely no power over others, and very little power over themselves

cont and change on indivs micro, meso, macro

Micro	many apects changed durasically	e.g. joint families slowly dying out + nuclear families are becoming the "new thing"
Meso	even the slightest changes can become a trend = change as a while	e.g. eruption of religious conflict = many communities fell apart
Macro	what the govt changes affects india + global community	e.g. people rebelling against the govt bc of change = neglect and frustration

Tech access' impact - rate/direction of change

Influx of low cost smartphones, laptops + mobile plans	= empowers indian society
	e.g. tech companies = drive growth, create jobs, increased access to resources, education and healthcare (:. lower poverty rates + improved lifestyles for wider society)
	redirects the rate of change transformatively (opportunity to grow and prosper)
Access to ultrasound machines	= adversely affecting the growth of the female population
	accessible, cheap and portable ultrasound machines = sex-selective abortion rate increasing
63 MILLION WOMEN ARE SEEMINGLY 'MISSING' FROM THE POP ACCORDING TO THE INDIAN GOVT
EST 10 WOMEN DIE EVERYDAY DUE TO UNSAFE ABORTIONS
56% OF ABORTIONS IN INDIA ARE EST TO BE UNSAFE
8-9% OF ALL MATERNAL DEATHS IN INDIA ARE DUE TO THESE UNSAFE ABORTIONS
	families considering females as "unwanted children" = 21 MILLION GIRLS VICTIMISED
	gender based neglect =
a 2018 study found that approx 239,000 girls under the age of five died every year between 20000 and 2005

gender roles and the status of men

- gender roles have been clearly defined for many decades
- roles fulled by men and women were, and still are, decided largely by religious and cultural values
WOMEN	- Maternal responsibilities (produce children, males in particular, care for those children)
	- Traditionally women known as burden
GENDER RATIO (W:M) IS 940:1000
	- Highly controlled by men in their lives
	- Powerless and vulnerable (arranged marriages, limited education opps, low lit rates
	- Little power or freedom for decision making within their family
MEN	- Patriarchal society :. men have more power + higher authority
	- Financial supporters of their families
	- Traditionally were the only ones to recieve an education

The conflict theory in application of india

ELEMENT OF THE THEORY	CAN IT BE APPLIED?	EVIDENCE
Competition over resources rather than consensus	YES	ongoing tensions over land ownership, and governance
Working class supporting the ruling class. but because they lack resources and therefore power, are subject to coercion and constraint imposed by the ruling class	YES	heavy enforcement of the caste system
Class consciousness and tensions building	YES	castes are still prevatent in india. there is stratification in society and the lower castes have an iunderstanding of their position. stark differences in particular with the Dalits (lower castes)
Continuing conflict, change is abrupt and revolutionary	YES	Drastic gender ration differences and increased gender selective abortions
**Society develops from feudalism to capitalism through to socialism	NO	Feudal systems pre-date british colonialisation but there is little evidence of socialism in india. india is a democracy and has bee since the end of british colonialisation
Owners of resources make use of their economic power to gain control of the state and in turn serve their own interests	YES	?
Religion serves capitalist interests by pacifying (usinh force) the population	YES	?

Is all change necessarily progress?

CHANGE	BENEFIT	DONT BENEFIT	PROGRESS?
Growth of middle class in india	Middle class, Govt, economy	People in poverty, upper class	YES
Rising rates of gender selective abortion	males, parents (to an extent)	females across various Asian countries	NO
Technological change	Indian economy, global community, women	Females/Parents who don't want abortions	YES
- not all changes are necessarily progressive = havey affect to the value system+society
(sharp growth in individualism +nuclear family [new gen] = decrease in family priority + joint families, which are trad and culturally important)
^^ due to growth of westernisation, modernisation, urbanisation, and industrialisation

Who benefits from change?

- progression in becoming an egalitarian society = improved access to social media, education and social enterprises	= more women in the workforce
"LITERACY LEVELS IN INDIA SINCE INDEPENDENCE HAS IMPROVED FROM 16% IN 1951 TO 74% IN 2011	= more advanced and reliable in terms of education

Who doesn't benefit from change (red)

People living in poverty, Muslims and Dalits

Quality of education beginning to deteriorate

5/10 STUDENTS UNABLE TO READ

50+% 14 YR OLDS UNABLE TO SOLVE SIMPLE MATHS

Extreme inequality rates

23% of women in paid work is among the lowest in the world (men = 78%+)
○ Employment opportunities for Indian women = overshadowed by ..
■ Dominant tradition of female domestic responsibility;
■ Prevailing social patriarchy; and
■ Deeply entrenched cultural expectations;

Trends and future directions

LIKELY CHANGES	PROBABLE CONTINUITIES
- More women joining the workforce/in higher positions	- Strong stereotyping of gender roles = likely to have no change (dominance of tradition)
- More advanced and reliable in terms of education	- 47.78% out of school children in india are girls (countedilliterate in the next census)
- higher lit rate of females for the 3rd year in a row	- inequality based on gender differences resulted in female literacy rates being lower at 65.4% (than that of their male counterparts at 82.14%)

The average literacy rate of females (15-48 yrs) has shown an overall increase
○ 84.8% in 2016, 85.3% in 2017 and 87% in 2018

Importance of technologies (prediction)

- increasing access to tech with lead to further modernisation and increased affluence for indians (POS)
- increased access to information and opportunities (education, employment, new ideas) will allow indian women to achieve a more equal status with men (POS)
- gender sellection:	the improvements in prenatat scanning technology and increased access to ultrasound tech led to increases in gender selective abortion (NEG)

... Cheat Sheet by bigboypeanut