This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
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Key Factors/Parts and Descriptions
Spiracles |
opens and closes to minimize water loss. Air intake in through the thorax. Air output through the body. |
Hairs around spiracles |
Traps humidity to minimize water loss. Allows to keep a lower concentration gradient of water vapor so that the rate of diffusion is not so high. |
Trachea |
The major tube that runs along the length of the insect. |
Tracheoles |
A very thin tube that squeezes between individual cells. Lacks Chitin |
Air Sacks |
Present in larger insects. Inflates and deflates to help movement of air |
Muscular Pumping |
rings of muscles around the trachea squeeze in succession to force air along |
Metabolic Rate |
Relatively High |
Chiton Rings |
Rings of chiton support trachea. |
Availability of oxygen |
21% O2 in air |
Surface Area |
Tracheal tubes connecting directly to cells. Massive SA:V ratio |
Fluid along the tracheoles |
Increases diffusion rate |
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