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6003 Revision Guide Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

Muscles (origin, insertion, innervation); muscle test; trigger points; active release; taping (K-tape, rigid)

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Tibialis Anterior

Origin:
Lateral surface of tibia, intero­sseous membrane
Insertion:
Medial cuneiform bone, base of 1st metatarsal
Innerv­ation:
Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)
Action:
Dorsiflexion & inversion
Muscle test:
Pt: planta­rflex & evert foot
DC: resistance hand on medial foot & resist pt's movement
Pt: dorsiflex & invert foot
Weakness:
Diffic­ult­/im­pos­sible to walk on heels, but doesn't usually interfere with normal walking
Trigger points:
Upper 1/3 of muscle w/ referred pain along it & 1° pain referral to the front of the ankle & dorsal part of medial foot & big toe
Active release:
Shorten muscle (dorsiflex & invert); lock after pt inhales; bring foot to planta­rfl­exion & eversion while pt breathing out
Taping:
Activa­tion: shorten muscle (dorsi & invert); tape origin to insertion, "I" tape
Inhibi­tion: lengthen muscle (plantar & evert); insertion to origin; "I" tape
Associated injuries:
Plantar fasciitis; Achilles tendon­itis; Morton's neuroma; Shin splints; General calf pain

TibA Management

TibA Trigger Points

Soleus

Origin:
Solar line, medial border of tibia, head of fibula, posterior border of fibula
Insertion:
Posterior surface of the calcaneus (via calcanea tendon)
Innerv­ation:
Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
Action:
Foot plantarflexion
Muscle test:
Pt: prone; knee bent to 90°; foot dorsiflexed
DC: resistance hand on ball of foot & resist pt
Pt: planta­rflex foot
Weakness:
Inhibits blood flow to foot & ankle; fatigue during running
Trigger points:
Along inside aspect of the muscle just above the achilles tendon; referred pain in achilles tendon, belly of muscle, calcaneus bone, sacroiliac joint
Active release:
Shorten muscle (pt prone, 90° knee, plantar); lock (pt inhaled); lengthen muscle (bring foot to 0° & dorsiflex)
Taping:
Activa­tion: shorten muscle (pt prone & plantar); tape origin to insertion, thin "Y" tape
Inhibi­tion: lengthen muscle (pt prone & dorsi); tape insertion to origin, thin "Y" tape

Soleus Management

Soleus Trigger Points

Quadriceps

Origin:
Insertion:
Innerv­ation:
Muscle test:
Trigger points:
Active release:
Taping:

Erector Spinae

Origin:
Insertion:
Innerv­ation:
Muscle test:
Trigger points:
Active release:
Taping:

Infras­pinatus

Origin:
Insertion:
Innerv­ation:
Muscle test:
Trigger points:
Active release:
Taping:

Supinator

Origin:
Insertion:
Innerv­ation:
Muscle test:
Trigger points:
Active release:
Taping:

Levator Scapulae

Origin:
Insertion:
Innerv­ation:
Muscle test:
Trigger points:
Active release:
Taping:
 

Tibialis Posterior

Origin:
Posterior surface of tibia, posterior surface of fibula & Intero­sseous membrane
Insertion:
Tuberosity of navicular bone, all cuneiform bones, cuboid bone, bases of metatarsal bones 2-4
Innerv­ation:
Tibial nerve (L4, L5)
Action:
Plantarflexion, inversion, supports medial longit­udinal arch of foot
Muscle test:
Pt: prone, dorsiflex & invert foot
DC: resistance hand on lateral foot & resist pt
Pt: planta­rflex & evert foot
Weakness:
Arch slowly collapses, heel drifts into valgus, & forefoot gradually abducts → painful acquired flatfoot
Trigger points:
Near muscle origin, upper middle calf w/ referred pain to achilles tendon, belly of muscle, calf, heel of the foot & occasi­onally may cause shin splint pain
Active release:
Shorten muscle (plant­arflex & evert); lock after pt inhales; bring foot to dorsif­lexion & inversion while pt exhaling
Taping:
Activa­tion: shorten muscle (plantar & evert); tape origin to insertion, "I" tape
Inhibi­tion: lengthen muscle (dorsi & invert); tape insertion to origin, "I" tape

TibP Management

TibP Trigger Points

Fibularis

Origin:
Longus head: head & proximal 2/3 of the lateral surface of the shaft of fibula, adjacent surface of the intemu­scular septum
Brevis head: distal 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula, adjacent interm­uscular septum
Insertion:
Plantar side of the medial cuneiform & first metatarsal bone
Brevis head: tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal bone
Innerv­ation:
Longus head: fibular (peroneal) nerve (L5, S1)
Brevis head: superf­icial fibular (peroneal) nerve (L5, S1)
Action:
Longus: plantarflex & evertfoot, provides support to longit­udinal & transverse arches
Brevis: foot eversion
Muscle test:
Pt: supine; dorsiflex & invert
DC: resistance on lateral aspect of foot & resist pt
Pt: planta­rflexes & everts
Weakness:
Instab­ility in ankle, & a tendency to ankle sprain
Trigger points:
Active release:
Taping:

Quadratus Lumborum

Origin:
Insertion:
Innerv­ation:
Muscle test:
Trigger points:
Active release:
Taping:

Serratus Anterior

Origin:
Insertion:
Innerv­ation:
Muscle test:
Trigger points:
Active release:
Taping:

Pectoralis Major

Origin:
Insertion:
Innerv­ation:
Muscle test:
Trigger points:
Active release:
Taping:

Flexor carpi radialis

Origin:
Insertion:
Innerv­ation:
Muscle test:
Trigger points:
Active release:
Taping:

Scalene muscles

Origin:
Insertion:
Innerv­ation:
Muscle test:
Trigger points:
Active release:
Taping:
 

Gastro­cnemius

Origin:
Lateral head: upper poster­ola­teral surface of lateral condyle of the femur
Medial head: posterior surface of medial femoral condyle, popliteal surface of femoral shaft
Insertion:
Posterior surface of the calcaneus via the calcanea tendon
Innerv­ation:
Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
Action:
Foot plantarflexion & leg flexion
Muscle test:
Pt: supine; knee extended; foot slight dorsiflexion
DC: resistance hand on ball of foot & resist pt
Pt: planta­rflex foot
Weakness:
Results in calcaneal gait (sole of foot doesn't contact ground); struggle climbing stairs & uphill walking
Trigger points:
Just below knee crease (media­lly), inch or two below (belly of muscle) & referred pain to achilles tendon, ankle, muscle belly, foot, lower 1/3 of post. thigh, post. knee
Active release:
Pt prone; plantarflex foots; lock (after pt inhales); bring foot to dorsif­lexion (while pt exhales)
Taping:
Activa­tion: shorten muscle (pt prone & plantar); tape origin to insertion, "Y" tape
Inhibi­tion: lengthen muscle (pt prone & dorsi); tape insertion to origin, "Y" tape

Gastro­cnemius Management

Gastro­cnemius Trigger Points

Hamstrings

Origin:
Insertion:
Innerv­ation:
Muscle test:
Trigger points:
Active release:
Taping:

Iliopsoas

Origin:
Insertion:
Innerv­ation:
Muscle test:
Trigger points:
Active release:
Taping:

Trapezius

Origin:
Insertion:
Innerv­ation:
Muscle test:
Trigger points:
Active release:
Taping:

Pronator Teres

Origin:
Insertion:
Innerv­ation:
Muscle test:
Trigger points:
Active release:
Taping:

Extensor carpi radialis

Origin:
Insertion:
Innerv­ation:
Muscle test:
Trigger points:
Active release:
Taping: